tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-63184609537502539292023-07-17T21:57:20.946-07:00Best college essay everElements Of Essay WritingKiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.comBlogger74125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-76579057988100901962020-08-24T23:42:00.001-07:002020-08-24T23:42:06.337-07:00(Cyp 3.1.2.3)Clarify how speculations of improvement and systems to help advancement impact current practice (CYP 3. 1. 2. 3) Jean Piaget is the most generally known about every single instructive scholar and maybe the primary supporter of current act of training. Piaget made tremendous commitments to the bearing, which means and comprehension of contemporary constructivism. Instances of Piaget's commitments incorporate his thoughts that information ought to be effectively built by a youngster and learning exercises should coordinate the degree of the improvement phase of every kid. Additionally, a few significant ways to deal with the national educational program and guidance depend on Piagetââ¬â¢s hypothesis. For example, Piaget impacted many showing procedures, for example, the attention on the procedure of the youngster's reasoning and the dynamic job of the student. Piaget's emphasis on the procedure of the kid thinking advanced the improvement of the phases of subjective turn of events. Educators utilize the phases in the present study hall as an approach to check a kid's subjective working. This allows the advancement of exercises and learning encounters that are at the right psychological improvement stage for the kid's capacity to learn. Piaget perceived that youngsters must act naturally started and effectively engaged with learning exercises. A present utilization of this idea today can be discovered, huge numbers of the national educational program material incorporate intelligent exercises and even instructive programming for the kid to take part in self-controlled learning. Another notable, and maybe one of the most dubious scholars to date, is Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalytic speculations of improvement started with crafted by Freud, who accepted that youth encounters lastingly affected further advancement of the individual therefore having an enduring impact over the manner in which youngsters are taught today and the brain science behind the manner in which this is executed. For instance, early instruction through play, making it both a pleasant and positive experience for youngsters. Abraham Maslow built up a humanistic hypothesis that has impacted training. This wide impact is expected to a limited extent to the significant level of common sense of Maslow's hypothesis, numerous individuals discover they can comprehend what Maslow says and they can identify with certain highlights of their experience or conduct which they have never articulated. Humanists don't accept that people are pushed and pulled by mechanical powers, both of boosts and fortifications (behaviorism) or of oblivious instinctual driving forces (therapy). Humanists center upon possibilities, they accept that people make progress toward an upper degree of capacities and look for the boondocks of inventiveness, the most noteworthy compasses of cognizance and intelligence. Maslow calls this level ââ¬Å"self-actualisationâ⬠inside his ââ¬Ëhierarchy of needsââ¬â¢. Maslow accepts that the main explanation that an individual would not move well toward self-actualisation is a direct result of obstructions put in their manner by society. He expresses that training is one of these preventions, he suggests ways instruction can change from its typical individual hindering strategies to individual developing methodologies. JOANNE CORBETT Maslow states that teachers ought to react to the potential an individual has for developing into a self-actualising individual and this has had extraordinary impact over the manner in which training is presently instructed. Instructors are taking a stab at all encompassing individual learning encounters instead of mass class lead draws near, current practice incorporates capacity gathering and assets set up for ââ¬Ëgifted and talentedââ¬â¢ youngsters. The systems for current practice are for the most part based around a comprehensive methodology. Social instructional method bolsters advancement and expect an all encompassing way to deal with childrenââ¬â¢s needs â⬠wellbeing, tutoring, relaxation, family life, profound life, etc â⬠the entire youngster. It works together instruction with every other territory engaged with how a kid creates. Albert Bandura has a significant impact in all encompassing advancement today; he is believed to be one of the most persuasive scholars of current instruction, with his social learning hypothesis which accepts individuals learn new conduct through observational learning of the social factors in their condition. For instance, in the event that individuals watch positive, wanted results, at that point they are bound to display, mimic and embrace the conduct themselves. Instructors presently comprehend the significance of giving an expert, positive good example for youngsters to turn upward to. Burrhus Frederic Skinner is the American scholar behind operant molding which manages the adjustment of ââ¬Å"voluntaryâ⬠(operant) conduct. Operant molding is kept up by its results of support and discipline, both positive and negative. One of the particular parts of Skinner's hypothesis is that it endeavored to give conduct clarifications to an expansive scope of intellectual wonders. For instance, Skinner clarified inspiration regarding hardship and fortification timetables consequently perant molding has been generally applied inside educating with the utilization of encouraging feedback especially for inspiration and study hall the executives. Which carry us to our last scholar, John Watson who created behaviorism with traditional molding, most questionably with ââ¬Å"Little Albertâ⬠a multi month old kid he (alongside Rayner) adapted to fear a white rodent, where the improvements was directed (as contradict to Skinner, who directs the reaction). Instructors can appl y old style molding in the class by making a positive study hall condition to assist youngsters with defeating uneasiness or dread. Matching an uneasiness inciting circumstance, for example, acting before a gathering, with charming environmental factors enables the kid to learn new affiliations. Rather than feeling on edge and tense in these circumstances, the youngster will figure out how to remain loose and quiet. This exposition isn't thorough of the numerous speculations which have enhanced training and the manner in which it is as of now rehearsed yet simply gives an outline of a portion of the main scholars that are used inside schools today. 901 WordsJOANNE CORBETT Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-45552321981838240482020-08-22T02:31:00.001-07:002020-08-22T02:31:46.351-07:00Abnormalcies Analysis Essay ExampleAbnormalcies Analysis Paper 1. Dr. Pastry specialist spends a long clasp tuning in to ( auscultating ) Calebââ¬â¢s chest. a. Where on the thoracic surface do you auscultate to the tricuspid. mitral ( bicuspid ) . pneumonic. what's more, aortal valves? Auscultation for the tricuspid valve would be in the left sternal fringe of the fifth intercostal interminable. The mitral valve sounds are heard over the vertex of the chest ( fifth intercostal interminable ) in accordance with the focal point of the collarbone. Pneumonic valve sounds are auscultated at the second intercostal limitless at the left sternal outskirt. The aortal valve is heard at the second intercostal interminable of the privilege sternal fringe. B. Where do you accept would be the best topographic point to auscultate Calebââ¬â¢s unnatural chest sound? Clarify your answer. The unnatural chest sounds would best be heard over the tricuspid nation â⬠the lower left sternal limit line. This is the nation which overlies the imperfection. Heart Sounds Case Essay Heart Sounds Case Essay Heart Sounds Case Essay We will compose a custom article test on Abnormalcies Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Abnormalcies Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Abnormalcies Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer 2. Caleb has unnatural chest sounds that warned the doctor to a vocation. a. Name the ordinary hints of the chest and bespeak what causes these sounds. The typical hints of the chest are ââ¬Å"lub-dupâ⬠are brought about by the hole and closing of the chest valves. The primary sound â⬠lub-is from the closing of the mitral and tricuspid chest valves. The second solid - dup-is from the end of the pneumonic and aortal valves. B. Comparable to the typical chest sounds. when might you foresee to hear the unnatural sound Dr. Dough puncher heard? Clarify your answer. A ventricular septal imperfection is a systolic murmur. The unnatural sounds can be heard during or after the main chest sound and closures prior or during the second chest sound. Abnormalcies Essay Sample 3. The deformity in Calebââ¬â¢s chest permits blood to mix between the two ventricular Chamberss. a. Because of this imperfection would you foresee the blood to venture out from left-to-right ventricle or option to-left ventricle during systole? I would foresee the blood to venture out from the left to the correct ventricle. B. In view of your misgiving of blood power per unit territory and resistance in the chest and extraordinary vass. elucidate your answer to request 3a. In the chest blood streams from nations of high power per unit region to nations of low power per unit territory. Blood as a rule enters on the correct side of the chest ( deoxygenated ) . is siphoned to the lungs and comes back to one side of the chest ( oxygenated ) which will so be siphoned out to the rest of the natural structure. In Calebââ¬â¢s occurrence blood will come in the correct side of the chest. be siphoned to the lungs and come back to one side of the chest. Each clasp his chest beats. some blood is so constrained through the VSD back to the correct side. It so returns to the lungs despite the fact that it is as of now oxygenated. so blood that is non oxygenated canââ¬â¢t get O. A lower blood volume so stays in the left ventricle to be siphoned out to the rest of the natural structure. High power per unit territory would occur in the lungs because of additional blood being siphoned into lung arterias this make chest and lungs work more enthusiastically. 4. At the point when an echocardiogram is performed. the specialist shading codes oxygenated blood ( reddish ) and deoxygenated blood ( somewhat blue ) a. In a solid angel. what shading would the blood be inside the privilege and left ventricles. severally? The correct ventricle generally siphons somewhat blue blood in light of the fact that the blood is without O and the left ventricle siphons red blood on the grounds that the blood has O. B. In Calebââ¬â¢s chest. what shading would the blood be inside the privilege and left ventricles. severally? It is both somewhat blue and bronzed in the correct ventricle in light of the fact that the as of now oxygenated blood streams once more into the correct ventricle and blood in the left ventricle would be rosy. 5. Calebââ¬â¢s chest permits oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix. In light of your discernment of the chest and the extraordinary vass. portray other anatomical abnormalcies that cause the commixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Atrioventricular Canal Defect is an abnormalcy that causes the commixture of blood. There is a gap in focus of chest where the divider between the upper and lower Chamberss meet. The tricuspid and mitral valves arenââ¬â¢t shaped acceptably and one major valve crosses the imperfection. The deformity Lashkar-e-Taibas oxygen rich blood base on balls to the heartââ¬â¢s right side and blend in with deoxygenated blood. so head out back to the lungs. Another abnormalcy is Atrial Septal Defect ( ASD ) . where the dividers of the upper Chamberss of the chest donââ¬â¢t close entirely. doing a left to right movement of blood because of the higher power per unit region. The commixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood may do the correct chamber and ventricle to extend because of the higher volume of blood. 6. What happens to Calebââ¬â¢s fundamental heart finished result as an outcome of his ventricular septate imperfection ( VSD ) ? Clarify your answer. Calebââ¬â¢s foundational heart finished result will be diminished. His blood will come in the correct ventricle be siphoned to the lungs. come back to one side ventricle as be shunted back to the correct ventricle. This makes more blood come in the correct ventricle. The overabundance blood so go forthing the correct ventricle causes a volume over-burden to the lungs. Since blood is being shunted back to the correct ventricle. there is a lesser volume of oxygenated blood that leaves the chest to give the rest of the natural structure. 7. One of the employments that stressed Tiffaney was that Caleb appeared to be take a breathing unnecessarily hard all the clasp. Letââ¬â¢s perceive how this manifestation is identified with his chest deformity. a. Depict what might go on to the blood volume and power per unit region come ining the pneumonic circuit as a result of his VSD. In VSD the privilege and left ventricles are working more enthusiastically. siphoning a more noteworthy volume of blood than they generally would. Additional blood will experience through the pneumonic arteria into the lungs doing. blood power per unit zone to be higher than ordinary in the blood vass and lungs. B. Depict what might go on to the myocardium of Calebââ¬â¢s right ventricle as an outcome of his VSD. The privilege ventricular chest musculus will inspissate and lose snap over clasp. doing the chest to work more enthusiastically to effectively siphon blood the lungs and rest of the natural structure. 8. In light of the area of Calebââ¬â¢s imperfection. what segment of the conductivity framework may be at peril for abnormalcies? It is profoundly uncommon that VSD would do a conductivity framework imperfection because of the way that the two frameworks are extraordinary. diverse embryological advancement. however are in close propinquity to one another. It is feasible for the bundle of His to be uprooted. in any case, regularly is unaffected. Here and there a development of the bundle of His could be on an edge of the VSD. be that as it may, is as yet ready to work. The solitary dangerous segment is if medical procedure is required. the doctor should be cautious while shuting the imperfection. Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-79436108955682255252020-07-25T22:15:00.001-07:002020-07-25T22:15:03.245-07:00A New York Minute COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions BlogA New York Minute COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog You may have heard the expression New York minute before. The long time host of The Tonight Show, Johnny Carson, once described a New York Minute this way: Its the interval between a Manhattan traffic light turning green and the guy behind you honking his horn. The expression is meant to convey a hectic and busy pace, and you could say that events at SIPA seem to happen almost every minute. Here is the latest update on current and upcoming events at SIPA. Monday, April 5 Sunday, April 11 THIS WEEKS FEATURED EVENT April 6, 2010 from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm SIPA, International Media And Communications Conference: Facing the Fracture: Media Economic Understanding with Columbia University professor Joseph E. Stiglitz, associate editor of the Financial Times Martin Wolf and many other top journalists, scholars, and activists International Affairs Building, Room 1501 Monday, April 5 April 5, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 1:30 pm Weatherhead East Asian Institute Modern Tibetan Studies Brown Bag Conversation: Cinema in Tibet with Pema Tseden and Rigden Gyatso, filmmakers International Affairs Building, Room 918 April 5, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm School of International and Public Affairs, Harriman Institute Talk: Daniil Andreev: The idea of integration of the global cultural space with Dmitri Ahtyrsky, Visiting Scholar, Columbia University. In Russian. International Affairs Building, Room 1219 April 5, 2010 from 12:15 pm to 1:45 pm Middle East Institute Brown Bag Lecture: Turkeys Entente with Israel and Azerbaijan: End of the Dance? with Alexander Murinson, author of Turkeys Entente with Israel and Azerbaijan. Knox Hall, Room 207 606 West 122nd Street (between Claremont and Broadway Avenues) April 5, 2010 from 1:00 pm to 2:00 pm SIPA, Economic and Political Development Brown Bag: With Sienna Baskin, Staff Attorney of the Sex Workers Project at the Urban Justice Center International Affairs Building, Rm. 1401 April 5, 2010 from 6:00 pm to 7:45 pm SIPA, International Economic Policy IFEP APEC Study Center Distinguished Speaker Series: Chinas Currency and U.S.-China Relations International Affairs Building, Room 1512 Tuesday, April 6 April 6, 2010 from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm SIPA, International Media And Communications Conference: Facing the Fracture: Media Economic Understanding with Columbia University professor Joseph E. Stiglitz, associate editor of the Financial Times Martin Wolf and many other top journalists, scholars, and activists International Affairs Building, Room 1501 April 6, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 1:30 pm School of International and Public Affairs, Harriman Institute Talk: Kosovos Difficult Future: Challenges Ahead with Ilir Deda, Executive Director, Kosovar Institute for Policy Research and Development (KIPRED) International Affairs Building, Room 1219 April 6, 2010 from 4:20 pm to 6:10 pm Weatherhead East Asian Institute Lecture:: The Slippery Matter of Trademarks: Copycat Soap Companies, the Question of Authenticity, and Sino-British Diplomacy in 1930s China.from the series Colloquium: Chinese Law and Society. Co-sponsored by the Center for Chinese Legal Studies (CCLS) at Columbia Law School. Jerome Greene Hall Case Lounge, Room 701 April 6, 2010 from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm SIPA, Economic and Political Development Social Entrepreneurship Lecture Series: Building Partnerships for Social Ventures with Yasmina Zaidman, Director of Communications, Acumen Fund. Reception to follow. International Affairs Building, Room 1512 April 6, 2010 from 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm SIPA, Student Group Talk: The Face of the Voiceless: Iraqi Orphan Initiative. Please join us to learn about the sad realities on the ground for Iraqi orphans and learn how you can help. Co-sponsored by the Network of Arab American Professionals of NY (NAAP-NY). International Affairs Building, Room 410 Wednesday, April 7 April 7, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm Harriman Institute BookTalk: with by Pauline Jones Luong, Brown University. The discussion will on the authors new book (written with Erika Weinthal, Duke University) entitled Oil is Not a Curse: Ownership Structure and Institutions in Soviet Successor States (forthcoming), This is a meeting of the Comparative Politics Seminar, jointly sponsored by the Harriman Institute and the Department of Political Science. International Affairs Building, Lindsay Rogers Room (7th Floor) April 7, 2010 from 6:00 pm to 9:00 pm SIPA, Human Rights Working Group Panel Discussion: Raise Hope for Congo addresses the conflict in eastern Congo, specifically the scourge of conflict minerals and the epidemic of rape and sexual violence in the region. With John Prendergast, co-founder of the Enough Project, Roger Luhiri, a former fistula doctor at Panzi Hospital in DRC and Lisa Jackson, director of the film The Greatest Silence about rape in the Congo. International Affairs Building, Room 1501 Thursday, April 8 April 8, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 1:30 pm Weatherhead East Asian Institute Brown Bag Lecture: Recent Trends in Divorce and Divorce Law in Hong Kong, with Deborah Davis, Professor of Sociology, Yale University. International Affairs Building, Room 918 April 8, 2010 from 12:30 pm to 2:00 pm Middle East Institute Brown Bag Lecture: The Lineages of the Neo-Mamluk State with Richard Bulliet, Professor of History at Columbia University Knox Hall, Room 208 606 W. 122nd St. April 8, 2010 from 1:00 pm to 3:00 pm SIPA, UN Studies Program UNSP Working Lunch: The Responsibility to Protect: Perspectives from the Non-Aligned Movement with the Ambassadors of Egypt and Cuba Permanent Mission of Egypt to the UN April 8, 2010 from 2:30 pm to 4:00 pm Center for Homelessness Prevention Studies Grand Rounds: With Dr. Richard Warner, internationally recognized by the mental health care community as a leader in schizophrenia treatment and recovery research and development. Columbia Medical Center Psychiatric Institute All-Purpose Room, 6th Fl., Rm 6602 168th Street and Haven Avenue April 8, 2010 from 6:15 pm to 8:00 pm School of International and Public Affairs, Harriman Institute Lecture: Czech Writers Under Siege and Czech Literary History with Professor Holý, Institute for Czech Literature and Literary Studies at the Philosophical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. Co-sponsored with Columbia Universitys Slavic Department. International Affairs Building, Room 1510 April 8, 2010 from 6:30 pm to 8:30 pm Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy Talk: Lies, Damn Lies, and Statistics or Did We Ask the Wrong Question with David Monk, NERA Economic Consulting Hamilton Hall, Room 503 April 8, 2010 from 7:30 pm to 9:30 pm Harriman Institute Screenings and Commentary: Revisiting Soviet TV with Jonathan Sanders, a consultant on international broadcasting and Russian affairs. Part of the Harriman Core Project 2009-2010: New Modes of Communication in the Post-Soviet World International Affairs Building, Room 1219 Friday, April 9 April 9, 2010 from 8:30 am to 4:30 pm Earth Institute New York City Water Summit: With academic, governmental and industrial leaders in the fields of drinking water and waste water International Affairs Building, Altschul Auditorium April 9, 2010 from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm School of International and Public Affairs, Harriman Institute Workshop: Convened by the Harriman Institute and co-sponsored by the American Research Institute of the South Caucasus International Affairs Building, Room 1512 April 9, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm Earth Institute Seminar: Tailoring seasonal climate forecasts for hydropower operations in Ethiopias upper Blue Nile basin with Paul Block, Associate Research Scientist, Hydroclimatology and Water Resources Management, International Research Institute for Climate and Society, The Earth Institute, Columbia University Seeley W. Mudd Building, Room 924 Register April 9, 2010 from 12:30 pm to 2:30 pm Harriman Institute Freedom and Democracy Twenty Years After Are we there yet? The Czech Republic in Europe and in the World with a keynote address by Jan Fischer, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic Followed by a question and answer session with the audience. Light lunch will be served. Online registration is required International Affairs Building, Kellogg Center, 15th Floor Register April 9, 2010 from 6:30 pm to 8:00 pm Harriman Institute Talk:The Paris Peace Conference of 1919-1920 and its Legacy: A Yugoslav Perspective with Dejan Djokic, Senior Lecturer in Modern and Contemporary History; Director, Centre for the Study of the Balkans Goldsmiths College, University of London. Co-sponsored by the Njego Endowment for Serbian Language Culture at Columbia University International Affairs Building, Room 1219 Saturday, April 10 April 10, 2010, All-Day Event Harriman Institute Third Annual OASIES Student Conference: Power and Movement Across Asia, presented by the Organizations for the Advancement of Studies of Inner Eurasian Societies at Columbia University, New York University, and Yale University International Affairs Building, Room 707 April 10, 2010 from 10:00 am to 7:00 pm Harriman Institute Conference: Georgian Modernism with panels covering Tbilisi Avant-Garde Art and its Cultural Milieu and Georgian Modernism and its Development International Affairs Building, Room 1512 Sunday, April 11 No Events Scheduled UPCOMING EVENTS Monday, April 12 â" Sunday, May 2 Monday, April 12 April 12, 2010 from 4:00 pm to 5:30 pm South Asian Institute Distinguished Lecturer Series: Brahman communities and the making of social critique in western India, c. 1600-1850 by Rosalind OHanlon,Oxford University Knox Hall, Room 208 606 West 122nd Street between Broadway and Claremont Avenue April 12, 2010 from 6:00 pm to 8:30 pm Committee on Global Thought Discussion:Financial Market Reform with Phil Angelides, Chairman of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission; Gary Gensler, Chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission; Arthur Levitt, former Chairman of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ; and Joseph Stiglitz, Chairman of the Committee of Global Thought. Low Library Rotunda Register April 12, 2010 from 6:30 pm to 8:00 pm SIPA Center for the Study of Democracy, Toleration and Religion Book Signing: with Nicholas D. Kristof. two-time Pulitzer Prize winner and columnist for the New York Times Journalism Building Lecture Hall, 3rd Floor Tuesday, April 13 April 13, 2010 from 4:20 pm to 6:10 pm Weatherhead East Asian Institute Lecture: The Exclusionary Rule in a State of Flux: China, Taiwan, and the United States with Margaret K. Lewis. The lecture is a part of the series Colloquium: Chinese Law and Society Jerome Greene Hall, Case Lounge, Room 701 Wednesday, April 14 April 14, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 1:30 pm Weatherhead East Asian Institute Brown Bag Lecture:The Politics of Presence: Voice, Deity Possession, and Dilemmas of Development Among Tibetans, with Charlene Makley, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Reed College. International Affairs Building, Room 918 Thursday, April 15 April 15, 2010 from 6:45 pm to 8:45 pm Weatherhead East Asian Institute Modern Tibetan Studies Film Screening: The Silent Holy Stones from the series Soul-Searching in Tibet Films by Pema Tseden (Wanma Caidan) Asia Society 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 Friday, April 16 April 16, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm Earth Institute Seminar: An Integrated Framework for Analysis of Water Supply in a Developing World City with Veena Srinivasan, Post-doctoral Scholar, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University Seeley W. Mudd Building, Room 924 Register Monday, April 19 April 19, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 1:30 pm Weatherhead East Asian Institute Brown Bag Lecture: Governance and Local Economic Policymaking: Vietnam and Indonesia, with Alasdair Bowie, Associate Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, the George Washington University International Affairs Building, Room 918 April 19, 2010 from 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm Weatherhead East Asian Institute Panel Discussion: Private Lives of Public Women â" Disrupting the Figure of the Prostitute in South Korea, with Sealing Cheng, Wellesley College; Elizabeth Bernstein, Barnard College; Mary Marshall Clark, Columbia University; and Carole S. Vance, Columbia University. International Affairs Building, Room 918 April 19, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 1:30 pm Weatherhead East Asian Institute Brown Bag Lecture: Governance and Local Economic Policymaking: Vietnam and Indonesia, with Alasdair Bowie, Associate Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, the George Washington University International Affairs Building, Room 918 Wednesday, April 21 April 21, 2010 from 9:00 am to 10:30 am Harriman Institute Please join the Harriman Institute in welcoming Jeri Laber, Russian Insitute 54, Founder of Human Rights Watch Pupin Laboratories 301 April 21, 2010 from 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm School of International and Public Affairs, Harriman Institute Talk: The Moscow Kremlin Museum: Who needs this museum? with Svetlana Kostanyan, Kremlin Museum Research Library International Affairs Building, Room 1219 April 21, 2010 from 7:30 pm to 9:00 pm Harriman Institute Discussion: Old Print Journalism Meets New Media Theory with Yassen Zassoursky, Dean of the Faculty of Journalism at Moscow State University versus his grandson Ivan Zassoursky, Director of the New Media Department. Part of the Media Dialogues Across Boundaries series (Harriman Core Project 2009-2010: New Modes of Communication in the Post-Soviet World) Faculty House, Presidential Room 2 Thursday, April 22 April 22, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm SIPA International Conflict Resolution Program Working Lunch: Environmental Restoration: a Tool for Peace Building in Serbia The Italian Academy at Columbia University 1161 Amsterdam Avenue (between 116th Street and 118th Street) Register Friday, April 23 April 23, 2010, All Day Event SIPA International Conflict Resolution Program Environmental Conflict Resolution Series: Environment as a Source of Cooperation in Iraq Local and Regional Perspectives The Italian Academy at Columbia University 1161 Amsterdam Avenue (between 116th Street and 118th Street) Register April 23, 2010 from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm Earth Institute Seminar: With Paolo DOdorico, Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia Seeley W. Mudd Building, Room 924 Register Monday, April 26 April 26, 2010 from 4:00 pm to 5:30 pm SIPA Center for the Study of Democracy, Toleration and Religion and South Asian Institute Annual Mary Keating Das Lecture: No Longer Pakistani, Not Yet Indian Migration and the Meaning of Citizenship with Niraja Gopal Jayal (Visiting Professor, Princeton University; Centre for the Study of Law and Governance, Jawaharlal Nehru University) Knox Hall, Room 208 Tuesday, April 27 April 27, 2010 from 7:30 pm to 9:30 pm Harriman Institute Screenings and Commentary: Soviet TV with Donna Bahry, Department of Political Science, Penn State University. Part of the Harriman Core Project 2009-2010: New Modes of Communication in the Post-Soviet World International Affairs Building, Room 1219 Wednesday, April 28 April 28, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 1:30 pm Harriman Institute Talk: Democratization v. Reconciliation: Post-Nationalist Memories of the Battle of Kosovo with Dr. Anna Di Lellio, commentator and policy analyst on post-war Kosovo, author of The Battle of Kosovo 1389. An Albanian Epic (I.B. Tauris 2009) and the editor of The Case for Kosova. A Passage to Independence (Anthem Press 2006). International Affairs Building, Room 1219 April 28, 2010 from 4:00 pm to 5:30 pm a SIPA Center for the Study of Democracy, Toleration and Religion and South Asian Institute Discussion: With Yogendra Yadav, Senior Fellow at the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) and Co-Director of Lokniti, a research programme on comparative democracy. Knox Hall, Room 509 Thursday, April 29 April 29, 2010 from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm Harriman Institute Book Discussion: Russia Against Napoleon: The True Story of the Campaigns of War and Peace with Dominic Lieven, Professor of History at the London School of Economics. Co-sponsored by the Dual Masterâs Degree Program in International and World History and the European Institute. International Affairs Building, Lehman Center, Room 406 April 29, 2010 from 6:30 pm to 8:30 pm Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy Seminar: With Sanjay Reddy, New School for Social Research Hamilton Hall, Room 503 Friday, April 30 April 30, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 1:30 pm Weatherhead East Asian Institute Brown Bag Lecture: China in the 21st Century â" A Cultural Historians Take on Contemporary Events and Contemporary Dilemmas with Jeffrey Wasserstrom, Professor of History at the University of California, Irvine, and the editor of the Journal of Asian Studies. International Affairs Building, Room 918 April 30, 2010 from 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm Earth Institute Seminar:With Douglas James, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, Cornell University Seeley W. Mudd Building, Room 924 Register To publicize an event, submit your entry at http://www.sipa.columbia.edu/news_events/submit_event.html, by 5:00 pm on Wednesday. Columbia University Homepage| SIPA Homepage | SIPA Events| Subscribe to News Feed via RSS Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-89799740108746941832020-05-22T09:21:00.001-07:002020-05-22T09:21:03.583-07:00Teaching and Learning Language Grammar and Vocabulary Teaching and Learning Language: Grammar and Vocabulary This essay will focus on the subject of learning and teaching languages. More specifically it will deal with two different, but intrinsically related topics. The first topic investigates the deductive and the inductive approaches to teaching grammar, and the positive and negative aspects of them both. The deductive approach is the more teacher-centered approach, where the teacher explains rules and so forth to the students, while the inductive approach is more learner-centered and encourages the student to guess rules instead of being told by the teacher. The second topic examines how vocabulary can be taught and learned differently from the much used word list method, or glosmetoden.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Hence, the learner has to develop strategies to learn vocabulary, and these strategies are not going to be the same for everybody. The teachers job then needs to be to encourage and guide the students to find their own methods of learning. Henriksen (1999, as cited in Lunda hl) describes lexical competence in three parts: ââ¬Å"partial to precise knowledge of word meaning, depth of knowledge and receptive to productive use abilityâ⬠. This is a good way of describing the different layers of learning new vocabulary, and it tells us that there are different stages that a learner usually go through when learning. The first stage should then usually be encountering the word in different contexts several times, through extensive reading; the second stage is linked to the first in that the depth of knowledge develops through seeing the word in different contexts, but it would also be beneficial to look up the word; the third stage, to move on from understanding a word to being able to use it can be done by engaging the student in discussions or writing texts using the words. The question of whether a teacher should use the deductive or the inductive approach is not a clear cut one, since both do have their advantages and disadvantages. However, research (Brown, 2007, p. 423) seems to show it is best to focus on teaching with aShow MoreRelatedLinguistic Theories Essay1626 Words à |à 7 PagesIn the past, the study of grammar has been investigated for centuries, it was also significantly role in language teaching and learning. The reasons for teaching and learning are different in each period. In some eras, a major aim of teaching and learning was making learners to be able to communicate. In others, it was essentially taught for the purposes of reading and writing. For these reasons, the studies of two linguistic theories, the traditional grammar and the structuralism were created.Read MoreSituational Language Teaching Grew Out of the Direct Method1204 Words à |à 5 PagesSituational Language Teaching is a language teaching method that grew out of th e Direct Method and was developed by British applied linguists Palmer and Hornby between 1930s and 1960s. 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Foreign Countries Essay1186 Words à |à 5 PagesEnglish Language Education in Japanese Schools Introduction Teaching a second language always has its unique challenges, unlike teaching other subjects, in which instruction is in the learnersââ¬â¢ first language. English, being an international language is taught across, most, if not all modern day nations. It is not only important for personal communication and professional growth but also for socialization in a world that is increasingly globalized (Fujimoto-Adamson, p. 259). English language education Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-52055478324587888872020-05-08T13:03:00.001-07:002020-05-08T13:03:03.125-07:00Status Of Use Of Ict By Secondary School Students Of Nepal... Status of Use of ICT by Secondary School Students of Nepal Dirgha Raj Joshi Research Scholar Faculty of Education Banaras Hindu University, India Abstract Information and communication technology (ICT) is most important part of modern education system. It is highly beneficial for the improvement of students several aspect of knowledge, skill and attitudes. The study focused in use of ICT with respect to students of class nine and ten from secondary schools of Kathmandu, Nepal. Responses of 106 students were taken and data has analyzed by percentage and Mann Whitney U test. It was found that most of the students of that level are weakly using technology and public school students were poorer in several measured items even boys and girl students were not differ in the use of ICT. It is important to accomplish so many properties by several stakeholders for proper use of it in their learning. Key words: information and communication technology, Use of ICT 1. Introduction Information and communication technology (ICT) is modern conception in the field of education. It makes easy to understand new concepts, knowledge, skill related to daily life circumstances. Education system has been affected by technology (Adu Olatundun, 2013). New technologies challenge the traditional conceptions and ensure new concepts in teaching learning process. So use of ICT in learning has typical role for studentsââ¬â¢ motivation and learning. Developed country has good practice in the field ofShow MoreRelatedProspects Ict in Bangladesh5251 Words à |à 22 PagesICT-Driven Knowledge Economy in Bangladesh 1. Introduction Information and Communication Technologies (herein referred to as ICT) consist of hardware, software, networks, and media for collection, storage, processing transmission, and presentation of information in the form of voice, data, text, and images. They range from the telephone, radio and television to the Internet (World Bank 2003a, and 2003b). Todayââ¬â¢s economy depends on the increased flow of ideas and information across firmsRead MoreMarking System Is Better Than Grading System17277 Words à |à 70 Pagesconsensus that grading (many organisations use the term ââ¬Ëawardingââ¬â¢) is the process of converting raw marks for components into component and subject grades. In the traditional examination cycle, grading is one step in the qualifications delivery process. In common with other UK regulators and awarding bodies, the principles underpinning SQA grading are founded in case law and informed by developments in psychometrics and ICT. Given its unique national status, SQA and its forerunners have been able toRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words à |à 279 Pagesinvestors, VCs and PE funds are beginning to become more active, particularly in knowledge-intensive sectors, and need incentives for greater involvement. To create incentives for seed capital funding, some steps include the following: establishing a secondary market for smaller companies, creating new instruments for start-up funding and providing ï ¬ nancial literacy to start-ups. Synergies between Education (including modern vocational education training/skill development), Innovation (converting ideas Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-14773691507521313352020-05-06T09:41:00.003-07:002020-05-06T09:41:03.008-07:00Osi Analogy Paper Free Essays OSI Model Analogy Trevor Crews Strayer University The OSI model is the model developed for computer-to-computer communications over a network. This model breaks down all the functions that occur into seven distinct layers. These layers are, application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and the physical layer. We will write a custom essay sample on Osi Analogy Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each one encompasses a specific part of the process that occurs during the communication. In order to simplify this think of it like sending a package through the post office. It can be broken down into seven stages or layers for this example. We start with bringing an item or letter to the post office that is to be sent to a determined destination. This is essentially what happens in the application layer. This is the interface between the communication and the entire process as it is in how a computer works. Next the item is packaged and put into a box or envelope. This is similar to how the presentation layer functions. In this layer the communication is formatted, encrypted, and compressed; basically prepared for sending. Our package is then tagged with tracking information and tagging information that allows us to track it and verify if there are any other packages and if needed what order they go in. This is similar to the session layer. Next our package is put into a sorting device of some kind that sorts things based on size to see if it is able to be sent with other shipments or broken down to be sent different ways if it is to large. This is similar to the transport layer of the OSI model. The similarities go on over the next few layers as well. After packages are sorted they couriers inspect the packages and are given the specific routes they are to take in order to deliver the correct packages to the correct recipients. This represents the network layer in that the connections are established between the computers and the routing is also established. Next the packages are loaded onto the means of their transportation. This can include both truck and plane or whatever other method is needed to ensure delivery. This is how the data link layer works. The information is packaged generally in frames and sent via the proper transmission method via the designated route. The first of this process ends with the drivers getting into to their vehicles and driving towards the destinations with the packages. This is the physical layer in which the transmission takes place. After all this takes place it goes back through the same layers in the reverse order to ensure that everything that has happened was in the correct order and method. For example a package arrives at its destination, itââ¬â¢s then unloaded, inspected to make sure its intact and not damaged, signed for to verify the correct address and recipient, unpacked, and finally read. While the process as a whole can be overwhelmingly complex if it is broken down into layers as the OSI model does it can be viewed a little more simplistically and compared to modern day processes. Such as the post office as I have described. There are also many other similarities that if one looked they could make connections to. Works Cited Dean, T. (2010). CIS 175: Network + Guide to Networks: 2010 Custom Edition (5th Edition). Boston: Cengage Learning. How to cite Osi Analogy Paper, Essays Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-32826504060533013882020-05-06T09:41:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:41:02.386-07:00Osi Analogy Paper Free Essays OSI Model Analogy Trevor Crews Strayer University The OSI model is the model developed for computer-to-computer communications over a network. This model breaks down all the functions that occur into seven distinct layers. These layers are, application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and the physical layer. We will write a custom essay sample on Osi Analogy Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each one encompasses a specific part of the process that occurs during the communication. In order to simplify this think of it like sending a package through the post office. It can be broken down into seven stages or layers for this example. We start with bringing an item or letter to the post office that is to be sent to a determined destination. This is essentially what happens in the application layer. This is the interface between the communication and the entire process as it is in how a computer works. Next the item is packaged and put into a box or envelope. This is similar to how the presentation layer functions. In this layer the communication is formatted, encrypted, and compressed; basically prepared for sending. Our package is then tagged with tracking information and tagging information that allows us to track it and verify if there are any other packages and if needed what order they go in. This is similar to the session layer. Next our package is put into a sorting device of some kind that sorts things based on size to see if it is able to be sent with other shipments or broken down to be sent different ways if it is to large. This is similar to the transport layer of the OSI model. The similarities go on over the next few layers as well. After packages are sorted they couriers inspect the packages and are given the specific routes they are to take in order to deliver the correct packages to the correct recipients. This represents the network layer in that the connections are established between the computers and the routing is also established. Next the packages are loaded onto the means of their transportation. This can include both truck and plane or whatever other method is needed to ensure delivery. This is how the data link layer works. The information is packaged generally in frames and sent via the proper transmission method via the designated route. The first of this process ends with the drivers getting into to their vehicles and driving towards the destinations with the packages. This is the physical layer in which the transmission takes place. After all this takes place it goes back through the same layers in the reverse order to ensure that everything that has happened was in the correct order and method. For example a package arrives at its destination, itââ¬â¢s then unloaded, inspected to make sure its intact and not damaged, signed for to verify the correct address and recipient, unpacked, and finally read. While the process as a whole can be overwhelmingly complex if it is broken down into layers as the OSI model does it can be viewed a little more simplistically and compared to modern day processes. Such as the post office as I have described. There are also many other similarities that if one looked they could make connections to. Works Cited Dean, T. (2010). CIS 175: Network + Guide to Networks: 2010 Custom Edition (5th Edition). Boston: Cengage Learning. How to cite Osi Analogy Paper, Essays Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-20296444271870771202020-04-28T00:23:00.001-07:002020-04-28T00:23:02.973-07:00Migration, labor mobility and growth in Canada Table of Contents Introduction Labor Mobility and Canadaââ¬â¢s Economic Growth Labor mobility and the Labor Canadian Labor Markets Migration and Canadian Labor Markets Migration and its potential to Canadian Economy Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Canada has achieved a tremendous growth in its economy because of various factors. Analysts on Canadian economy show that the country has made a significant progress as a result of the influx of immigrants and labor mobility in the country. Besides, the Canadian economy has been boosted because of its open policy which few countries in the world uphold.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Migration, labor mobility and growth in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Concisely, the Canadian open policy has encouraged different categories of workers to immigrate into the country. The policy has simplified migration of people because it evaluates their level of ski lls and competency to grant entry. This policy, and others established by the government have allowed workers to either relocate as permanent workers, temporary foreign worker, TFW or as foreign students. Also, labor mobility contributed to the countryââ¬â¢s economic growth and development. Labor mobility designate privileges which a worker is accorded when exploiting new opportunities in line with his/her profession. It allows a worker to go beyond his/her jurisdiction or whenever the opportunity emerges. Labor mobility has granted workers wider field of searching for jobs besides exposing employers to more workers with different skills and competencies. The author in this paper explores the contribution of immigrants and labor mobility to the economic development of Canada. In achieving this goal, the author outlines the government involvement in supporting labor mobility through policy frameworks. The author notes that migration and labor mobility has contributed to the econom ic growth of Canada because they have provided wider economic opportunities both for the worker and employer. Moreover, the author provides a historical and economic justification of migration and explores the Canadian policies contributing to the large influx of immigrants to the country, and the importance of their immigrations to Canadaââ¬â¢s economic growth. In summary, migration and labor mobility has facilitated free movement of people, allowed the nation to fill the void created by low birth rates and supported service industries in accessing qualified foreign workers they need. Labor Mobility and Canadaââ¬â¢s Economic Growth Devoretz (89) shows that annually, about 200,000 Canadians relocate to different jurisdictions to search for employment opportunities; this aspect, Head and John (48) point out that it has assisted the Canadian economy to grow and expand. Besides, it has contributed to recognition of qualifications across the country, and benefited both the employe rs and employees (Devoretz 91). Canadian government encourages labor mobility. It has formulated policies such as the Agreement on Internal Trade, AIT to streamline labor mobility practices.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Head et al (70) point out that this policy, which was signed in 1994 by the territorial and provincial governments and the government of Canada, allows investment, services and people to move freely across Canada. Head and John (49) note that by embracing this provision, AIT permits any qualified person in any Canadian jurisdiction to access similar opportunities in other parts of the country. The AIT work towards eliminating barriers associated with mobility shift such as residency requirements, differences in employment standards and practices connected to occupational certification, registration and licensing (Head and John, 50). Labor mobility and the Labor Canadian Labor Markets AIT has played a key role in Canadian labor market. It has partnered with other professionals and government agencies, which help regulate hundreds of trade and occupations across the country (Head and John 52). The government agencies and professional groups work on a common consensus in regard to the qualifications required to ensure their wider recognition. Head and John (50) indicate that Canada has over 60 regulated professions, and among them 51 have been synchronized in two or more territories and provinces. Some of the regulated occupations include teaching, architecture, nursing and doctors. Consequently, Devoretz (67) cite that other trades such as plumbing, automobile mechanics and electrical are also regulated through licensing. Also, other policies such as Forum of Labor Market Ministers support inter-jurisdictional cooperation and consultation on labor markets (Coulombe and Frank 92). This policy is important in supporting inter-jurisdictio n understanding on matters such as labor market and forums for achieving mobility goals. Similarly, it has promoted the mobility of highly skilled workers with mobile qualifications. Devoretz (60) asserts that the Forum of Labor Market Ministers has developed and expanded inter-jurisdictional standards. These standards have increased the quality of labor in Canada. Also, FLMM has aligned the Canadians work requirements with economic structures, and provided the inter-jurisdictional association in order to facilitate participatory structures through labor force development boards. The impact of labor mobility to the Canadian economy has been significant. Devoretz (63) cites increase in labor demand for the production goods and services and reduction of administrative barriers in people as the contribution of FLMM. These developments have increased the capacity of organizations to meet labor requirements, and workers to find employment opportunities across the borders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Migration, labor mobility and growth in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Migration and Canadian Labor Markets Canada is a country with higher rate of immigration in the world. It is among the countries in the western world that promote widespread immigration. In response to global migrations, the Canadian government has devised immigration policies, which favor its economic growth and expansion (Head et al 69). These policies have enabled the country access the appropriate number of immigrant workers with the right skills. Similarly, the country has developed more strategic and responsive immigration structures that support fast tracking of people with the skills needed by employers and aggressively marketing Canada globally. This is done with an aim of making people view Canada as a place of skilled immigrants. Strategic responses have been sought through sustaining structural and instit utional reforms. Reforms in these areas have ignited migration of skilled workers in the country. Head et al (67) denote substantial reform which the government as Temporary foreign Worker, TFW, and valuing international students among others as the key elements promoting Canadian economic growth. In regard to TFW, the Canadian immigration policy knows that a person having sufficient skills is vital for Canadian businesses to compete and succeed globally. Thus, this aspect has made Canadian employers to look for foreign workers across the borders to achieve this goal. Similarly, the Canadian government values international students. Foreign students undertaking their studies in Canadian institutions of higher learning develop ties with the Canadian labor market through working off- campus. Once they complete their studies, they are allowed to look for work in Canadian companies. Coulombe and Frank (92) cite that international students inject over $ 6.5 billion in the Canadian econom y annually. Migration and its potential to Canadian Economy Migration and labor mobility is marked by distinctive features in terms of gender and culture, skill set and geographical ties. It can be both temporal and permanent. Head et al (74) shows that immigration influences an economy in a number of ways, which can be either, be positive or negative. This is because the high influx of immigrants increases labor supply, which tends to reduce domestic pay and wages among domestic workers. Thus, the scale of the impact on employment depends in the resilience of the domestic market. If domestic wages are vibrant, then, the impact on employment may be significant. However, if the domestic wages are elastic, then, the impact on employment is likely to be smaller (Coulombe and Frank, 90). Thus, Canadian has attracted immigrants because of its elasticity in domestic wage.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, the Canadian government does not tolerate the economic peril of population turn down. In this regard, various organizations such as the DRI-McGraw Hill have supported the countryââ¬â¢s immigration policy. Though they consider the countryââ¬â¢s policies reduces immigration levels, and contributes to short-term costs, in the long run, they view immigration has an essential tool for boosting economic output and employment in the country. Similarly, the Economic Council of Canada notes that immigration in the country should be encouraged and supported. In one of its findings, it indicated that the immigrants contributed significantly to the economic development of the country. Similarly, the Royal Bank of Canada in 1995 reported that the Canadian government should strengthen the countryââ¬â¢s immigration rate from 30 percent rate to 400,000 per year (Coulombe and 92). This is in order to promote the countyââ¬â¢s per Capita income and sustain economic growth. Pe rsonal Perspective I reckon that immigration and labor mobility is instrumental in reshaping Canadaââ¬â¢s economy. Labor mobility helps reduce immigration which results in a number of economic benefits to a host country. One such benefit a country accrues from these practices is the increase in labor supply. I concur with Coulombe and Frank (88) that a country experience labor increase because labor mobility allows more workers to enter the countryââ¬â¢s economy; this increases the overall labor supply. The increase accompanied by a fixed labor market lead to decrease in wage rates. Also, labor mobility influences a worker in various ways. First, it provides the worker with a prospect of improving his/her financial situation. This happens when a worker is allowed to move freely or train for a new job. If this happens, a worker feels happy and transmits the same in enhancing productivity. Secondly, labor mobility is a driver for the general economic growth of a country. This is in terms of how the economy embraces technology and competitive advantage. Besides, the restrictions confined to workers in regard on how they move around, either occupationally or geographically inhibit growth by making it more challenging for industries to hire the right workers. Conclusion Migration and labor mobility is essential for any economy in the world. It allows people to search for employment opportunities and lead a better life. Consequently, when governments place fewer restrictions on where people move and what occupations are fit for them, they find it easy to apply for any occupation in which they have the right skill and interest. Also, businesses gain productivity and improve the welfare of its employees through aspects such as training, motivation and welfare programs among others. Through such practices, a country is assured of economic growth besides promoting the welfare of its citizens. Works Cited Coulombe, Serge, Frank Lee. ââ¬Å"Convergence across Canadi an Provinces, 1961 to 1991â⬠³Canadian. Journal-of-Economics; 28(4a) (1995): 80- 98. Devoretz, Don. Canadian Human Capital Transfers: The United States andà Beyond, Toronto: Howe Institute, 1998. Print Head, Keith; John Ries and Don Wagner. Immigrants and the Trade of Province,à RIIM Working Paper 98-21, Vancouver, 1998. Head, Keith and John Ries, Immigration and Trade Creation: Econometric Evidence from Canada, Canadian Journal of Economics (1998): 47-62. Print This essay on Migration, labor mobility and growth in Canada was written and submitted by user Ibrahim V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-26624979723600199342020-03-19T18:34:00.001-07:002020-03-19T18:34:03.615-07:00Global Shopping Trends Essay ExampleGlobal Shopping Trends Essay Example Global Shopping Trends Essay Global Shopping Trends Essay stores, catalogs, online, call centers, social networking, ddigital displays, mobile). Few, however, truly understand how consumers are using and shopping across each of their channels (e. g. , using social media sites to get discounts, going to the store to test the product and then purchasing the product online), and even fewer have a seamless, consistent and comprehensive multichannel strategy. However, having a comprehensive multi channel strategy will become more important than ever. As consumers become sawier, they are increasingly taking charge of their shopping experience, dentifying and leveraging many different sources of information and channels to optimize the different elements of their shopping Journey. As of this writing, 71 ppercent of respondents to the Deloitte U. S. 2011 Annual Holiday Survey were planning on shopping multiple channels in some manner viewing or researching products in one channel and purchasing in another, for exam ple. Since customers do not distinguish between channels, retailers will have to support seamless integration among and between each of them, including access to assortment, customer informa tion and order information. Within the next few years, it is likely that onsumers will expect to use a mobile device to get realtime inventory information about the closest stores or to order a product while in a store and have it delivered to their home. Therefore, in 2012 it is likely that retailers will continue to develop and launch innovative multichannel solutions. Retailers will need to have a clear understanding of the shopping Journey and how consumers move across channels, from mobile to social networking, the web and in store. Understanding how they go through the prepurchase, purchase, and post purchase process will be key to retailers identifying opportunities that both nhance their bottom line and actually make sense to consumers. For example, most large retailers in developed multichannel markets like the United States and the U. K. 2 of 14 no longer operate in silos but have become brand and product showrooms that drive revenues across all channels and are destinations for consumers to do more than Just simply browse and transact To support ssimilar iintegrated, seamless and consistent multichannel experiences, many retailers will need to reevaluate their business and make fundamental changes across their organizations in all functions. With the incredible speed t which the iPhone 4S sold one million units in 24 hours, four million the weekend it was launched and ssmartphones emerging as the most dominant consumer technology platform, one cannot mention multichannel without also discussing mobile. Moreover, since a significant population of mobile users has not even reached shopping age, one can anticipate that moDlle, ana all tne capaDllltles ana opportunltles It OTTers, will De top 0T mina among retailers in 2012. Mobile consumers are no longer Just early adopters: They represent a broad range of consumer segments and have become part of the ainstream population. For retailers looking to remain relevant in this connected consumer environment, the ability to leverage mobile to deliver an improved customer experience will be a critical success factor. To be sure, there is a great deal of aactivity in launching mobile solutions focused on the preshopping experience. However, many retailers are diving in without a clear strategy and few have launched an iintegrated multichannel experience. Retailers that can deliver an iintegrated customer experience demonstrating a clear understanding of consumer preferences and behaviors across the urchase process will have an advantage over the competition. In the race to put out a cool app, retailers must not neglect three important factors: Usability and the user experience, including integration points between mobile and other channels. A poor customer experience is worse than no app at all. Security and privacy. A mobilerelated security or privacy breach could severely damage a retailers reputation and hamper adoption of mobile capabilities. Access for employees and business partners. Sales associates need access to the same information as the connected super user consumers who walk hrough the door. Providing suppliers realtime visibility into the location and estimated arrival time of shipments can ultimately benefit consumers as well. From data to personalization Data analytics and personalization will continue to be critical success factors in 2012 and beyond. Indeed, personalization has become the norm for growing numbers of consumers. Given all the new channels through which retailers are interacting with consumers, from pointofsale to mobile to social media sites, the sheer volume of data that can be collected about consumers and their shopping behaviors continues to row. The industry is evolving quickly in its data analytics capabilities and in its ability to develop personalized marketing campaigns and customer experiences. Still, the ongoing challenge for retailers will be how to best analyze all this rich data and derive from it valuable insights about what consumers want and need. While technology is bringing radical changes to how people shop, the bricks andmortar store remains the core of retail. The physical store, however, is no longer the final shopping destination; increasingly, it is becoming a piece in a larger, more connected customer experience. This transition will require retailers to innovate and rethink their operating models in ways many couldnt even conceive of five years ago. In this, we shall be understanding the behavior, pattern, shopping trend in global m arket. 3. Major findings/lssues PreTerences over aeslgner products : SIX out respondents in the AsiaPacific 3 of 14 10 online survey region said they are willing to pay extra for designer products, exceeding the global average by 17 ppercentage points. Affinity for buying famous brands is highest among respondents in the AsiaPacific (55%) and Middle East/ Africa (56%) markets, exceeding the global average of 47%. Source http:// www. marketingprofs. com Chinese consumers are the most willing to pay more for designer products (74% of respondents), and fondness for famous brands is highest in India (74%).. Preferences over designer products: Six out of 10 online survey respondents in the Promotions: 78% of global respondents say quality is their most important product concern, with respondents in Latin America (83%) and Asia Pacific (82%) exceeding the global average. Price is key as well, with 65% of global respondents ranking it as important. % of global shoppers are aware of promotions and discounts and say products wit h free gifts are good incentives (58%). In particular, a large ppercentage of shoppers in the Philippines (77%), Vietnam (75%), Greece (74%), and Turkey (72%) find free gifts apealing. 4 of 14 Source marketingprofs. com . Shopping Around: Latin Americans are the most likely to shop around, to have preferred brands in mind before shopping, and to sample first before making a purchase. North American respondents put the least trust in products recommended by profes sionals (35%). Respondents in the Latin America and Middle East/ Africa rely the most on the advice of 5 of 14 professionals. Source marketingprofs. com Multichannel Shopping: With the ability to shop anywhere at anytime with any device, consumers are demanding excellence and consistency at every turn and are challenging retailers and brands to keep up. The key The increasingly sophisticated online shopper One of the findings that stands out and one heavy with implications for retailers was the selfdescribed sophistication of the online shoppers we surveyed. Many of considered themselves to be highly capable in terms of researching and purchasing nline. In fact, 72% of US respondents consider themselves to be either confident or experts in this regard, slightly besting the 69% of global respondents that consider themselves to De at tnls same level. 0T tne overall gr owtn In onllne sales In 2012 came from existing shoppers simply buying more online The popularity of online shopping is rooted in many factors What is it that is so attractive about online shopping, regardless of nationality or geography? Theres a great deal of global consistency in the top five factors cited. The conventional wisdom is that the issue of price is the driving force or the growth of online shopping, and indeed, it does feature among the top three reasons cited by our survey respondents Insights for the US Retail Industry, retailers can gain an additional margin oopportunity of 8% to 12% by offering free shipping, yet of retailers charge for shipping products. Perhaps even more impactful is the fact that 2 out of 3 US consumers say they are likely to cancel a purchase without free shipping The desired multichannel purchase Journey Online shopping has opened up huge new choices for consumers, not Just in terms of what they buy, but how they buy it. The Internet 6 of 14 has empowered the consumer in three ways: during the decision making process leading to the purchase; at the actual moment of purchase; and tthroughout the product owinership period, including product delivery, maintenance, and return. The challenge at least for some retailers is that consumers are starting to behave in far more sophisticated ways, whether theyre buying expensive items or weekly groceries. Because most retailers havent yet created efficient multichannel models, consumers are working it out for themselves, using different channels in ways hat best suit them. Consumers may choose to research a product in the store â⬠a shoe perhaps â⬠then use their mobile phone to find a better price online, and then call into the retailers customer service line to order and have the shoe shipped to their home. In essence, consumers are creating their own multichannel experiences by leveraging multiple retailers across a single category or product Keeping up with multichannel shoppers is getting more complex Take the clothing category. Almost onethird of our respondents said they prefer to research and purchase clothing nline, and this puts an onus on the retailer to manage the return process The role of the physical store is changing A key issue for all retailers with large numbers of physical stores is the role those stores should be playing in a multichannel world and how that differs by country. Chinese online shoppers, for example, are embracing the online medium more quickly than shoppers from other countries, replacing the need for physical retail outlets. But no matter the country, retailers should consider the roles of their stores now and in the future. Are they flagships for the brand? Are they a combination of flagship and technology emporiums, such as the Apple stores? Are they showrooms for product display, as is increasingly the case with white goods? What is the role of the retail store in the Tuture Ine world Is getting smaller: Local players Deware our survey results show that within individual territories there exists a sthrong bias towards the most wellknown, incountry, or homebased retailers. For example, the survey shows that the top ten retailers shopped across channels in the last 12 months include Walmart in the US (41% of local online hoppers) Argos (39%) and Tesco (30%) in the I-JK, and Taobao in China (34%). Source: wc. com/en_us/us/retailconsumer/publications/assets/pwcus multichannelsh oppingsurvey. pdf 7 of 14 2. Strategy Adopted Trend watching analysis and study Global Multi Channel consumer surveys and reports by PWC etc. Global shopping trends and behavior pattern Understanding evaluating multi channel shopping trends Data analyzed and studied by various sources providers including PWC and Nielson Critically evaluating the challenges and oopportunity for global shopping trends in fut ure of 14 3. Critical Evaluation of the Strategy Adopted Multichannel shopping is here to stay with the ability to shop anywhere at any time with any device, consumers are demanding excellence and consistency at every turn and are challenging retailers and brands to keep up. The key question retailers must now answer is How will multichannel shopping behavior continue to evolve? and What investments must be made to meet consumer expectations? Reason why consumers buy directly from a brand / manufacturer Source: pwc. com/gx/en/retailconsumer/retailconsumerpublications/ lobalmultichannelconsu mersurvey/countrysnapshots. html 90f14 Source: http://about. datamonitor. com/sectors/retail/om/luxuryretailmarketsize strategiescompetitor/ 100f14 Source: giovannicappellotto. it/4248globaltrendsonlineshopping/ To help understand this evolving retail marketplace, I undertook PWC global study of consumers which was focused on addressing the habits and preferences 0T onllne snoppers. snoppers Trom elgn t OITT erent terrltorles (us, cnlna, Hong Kong, Germany, France, I-JK, Switzerland, and The Netherlands) were iincluded Key findings from their study revealed: Twenty ppercent of survey consumers made their first online purchase within the last year, suggesting great upside oopportunity for retailers with an online presence Many more global online shoppers are following brands using social media, but only 3% have used the network to shop Researching products online is a critical element of multichannel shopping Consumers are leading the way in multichannel shopping, with many retailers lagging behind when it comes to meeting consumer need i have leveraged the insights from data and research to make several observations about how etailers can better support their online customers and attract new ones with three themes as . Multichannel shopping as a major force, Multichannel shopping consolidation and Global retailing in 2020. I have also highlighted several actionable items that 11 of 14 can help retailers keep up with and adapt to the changing multichannel retail landsc ape: Become far more innovative with their online websites and other ddigital offerings Improve bricks and mortar formats to emphasize quality and customer satisfaction as opposed to price and selection Align themselves with he growing middle class in emerging markets who are shopping more online and using multi channels to a greater degree than shoppers in developed mar kets Focus on satisfying customers across all channels, instead of viewing ddigital channels as a competing channel Today, global retailers have a huge oopportunity to enhance the experiences necessary to stay ahead of shoppers who are demanding more customization in terms of product choice, delivery, return policies and the number of retail channels for shopping 4. Lessons Learnt Global retailing in 2020 The complete embrace of ddigital technology As lobal world, and in turn, increasingly multi channel shopping world evolves, there are several trends that will permeate global shopping behaviors in the future: Complete embrace of ddigital technology: By 2020 retailers will have fully embraced the use of ddigital technology, including mining consumer data to better understand purchase behavior, fully employing social media, and leveraging twoway communication channels with the workforce, whether infield, instore, or during travel. Heightened influence of social media: Social media will influence a larger proportion of sales, Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-81525431069858554922020-03-03T10:20:00.001-08:002020-03-03T10:20:02.651-08:00Prometheus - Profile of the Greek TitanPrometheus - Profile of the Greek Titan Prometheus DetailsPrometheus Profile Who Is Prometheus?: Prometheus is one of the Titans from Greek mythology. He helped create (and then befriend) mankind. He gave humans the gift of fire even though he knew Zeus would not approve. As a result of this gift, Prometheus was punished as only an immortal could be. Family of Origin: Iapetus the Titan was the father of Prometheus and Clymene the Oceanid was his mother. The Titans Roman Equivalent: Prometheus was also called Prometheus by the Romans. Attributes: Prometheus is often shown chained, with an eagle plucking out his liver or his heart. This was the punishment he suffered as a result of defying Zeus. Since Prometheus was immortal, his liver grew back every day, so the eagle could have feasted on it daily for eternity. Powers: Prometheus had the power of forethought. His brother, Epimetheus, had the gift of afterthought. Prometheus created man from water and earth. He stole skills and fire from the gods to give to man. Sources: Ancient sources for Prometheus include: Aeschylus, Apollodorus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Hesiod, Hyginus, Nonnius, Plato, and Strabo. Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-14778562581500924952020-02-16T01:47:00.001-08:002020-02-16T01:47:03.257-08:00Harold Lasswell's theory of the socialization EssayHarold Lasswell's theory of the socialization - Essay Example This is why even the best of governments are known as necessary evils. The difference between the society and the government is that the society has unlimited wants whereas the government is a source of the so called ââ¬Ëwickednessââ¬â¢. For instance, Friedrich Engels attacked the state by stating that the important fact about the state on religion is that it puts the anxiety of mankind before itself. Often, it has been said that only those who are corrupted seek power. Political affairs are a much variegated web of many vices and virtues along with a small possibility of truth and false hood of every shape interwoven (Lasswell 8). Moreover, politicians and statesmen are compared to men who are skillful in juggling and making all kinds of incantations and tricks of all kinds. With this kind of men it is very difficult to escape their influence. In spite of all the evil associated with power, not everything about power is a symbol of evil. Power can be used for worthy purposes by the good and the strong. Not all those with power work for strange and cunning occults arts to gain power and keep it. As for those who believe that power is evil, the sometimes agree that not all who use power are evildoers. On the contrary, some men in power have been named as the heroes of mankind, great men in history, liberators, founders of nations and even statesmen (Lasswell 9). From this perspective, power, personality and government are judged favorably. Recent expansions and discoveries in the psychological, social and medical science have added to the knowledge of power and those who seek power. From a social political objective, there is instrumentation of democratic values. The connection between power and personality can be associated with service of human dignity. According to Lasswell, power is an interpersonal situation; those who hold power are empowered (10). As long as those in power give Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-63599396356123751732020-02-02T15:13:00.001-08:002020-02-02T15:13:04.033-08:00MRES7013 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 wordsMRES7013 - Essay Example Thus, it is oxygenated in lungs, and de-oxygenated once it passes through tissues (Guyton and Hall, 2006 p. 78). Because of its liquid nature, it is able to seep through spaces once a vascular injury occurs. We usually see it as bruising of the skin, when trauma causes breakage in the thin-walled capillaries in the dermis. The bruising then recedes with time, and the skin goes back to its previous appearance as if nothing happened. The same may not be applicable to other organs, more notably the brain. Although there is no obvious bruising similar to that seen on the skin, brain hemorrhages present with more serious signs of paralysis or changes in the sensorium, as caused by the ischemia and neuronal death of the area in the brain that should have been perfused by the injured vessel. Soon, ischemia of some brain tissue results to irreversible neurologic dysfunction. Prompt management is thus needed before neurologic defects become permanent (Kumar et al., 2010, p. 41). The age of hemorrhage is important because it determines the management of intracranial hemorrhage, as will be discussed later. The stages of hematoma are based on the form of hemoglobin in RBCs. Initially, during the hyper-acute phase or hours after the development of the lesion, hematoma is made up ofa liquid suspension of intact RBCs containing oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin. If the blood came from an arterial source, which is the case in most non-traumatic etiologies such as aneurysm, approximately 95% of hemoglobin molecules are oxygenated.Later, water is resorbed by the brain tissue, resulting to a solidified aggregation of RBCs. As the blood ages further, the hemoglobin denatures from oxy- ordeoxy- to met-hemoglobin. This transformation is dependent on the oxidation of ferrous (Fe+2) heme iron contained by oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin to ferric (Fe+3) state, turning the Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-89146716297665603632020-01-25T11:37:00.001-08:002020-01-25T11:37:04.694-08:00Racism In Contemporary BritainRacism In Contemporary Britain The existence of races in a given society presupposes the presence of racism, for without racism, physical characteristics are devoid of social significance (Van den Berghe, 1978, p.11). This represents a tension, explored within this essay, between the inability to categorise human beings into separate races on the basis of physical difference (Peoples and Bailey, 2011) and the fact that such categorisation occurs, based on the misconception that socially constructed concepts of racial difference are an objective reality (Barak et al., 2010). As the existence of race relies fundamentally upon its construction within society (Marger, 2011), it appears, within this essay, as race. In examining the existence of racism in contemporary Britain, a number of definitions will be explored, however, a commonality among them is their dependence on the definition of race, demonstrating, I would argue, the equally, socially, constructed, nature of racism (Capdevila and Callaghan, 2007). By examining Immigration and Asylum policy, this essay will analyse how differing definitions of racism, explain its continued existence, within a seemingly tolerant society (Wemyss, 2009). It also considers how immigrants and asylum seekers are perceived and treated within society, because in addition to occurring at policy level, racism is a lived experience (Lentin, 2011). I do not consider the definitions examined, namely biological, new, institutional and cultural racism, to be an exhaustive list and recognise that considering its existence from other constructs, may give a different picture of contemporary Britain, further demonstrating the need for a critical approach to concepts of racism and its existence within society (Zamudio et al., 2011). I will conclude by exploring whether accurately defining racism, impacts its prevalence, or whether pursuing the eradication of negative life chances, for minority ethnic groups, is not more beneficial than the categorisation of discri mination. Although it is now commonly recognised that there are no biological differences, by which races can be categorised (Nanda and Warms, 2010), this concept continues to create the foundation for biological racism and associates such difference with a behavioural hierarchy in terms of morals and intellect (Smedley and Smedley, 2005). This concept of hierarchy, I would argue, is integral to racism, in that the self is constructed as superior and the other as inferior (Rivers, 2008). Having proven the non-existence of race, this form of racism could be considered outdated and irrelevant, however, I would argue that its prevalence is still apparent within scientific discourse and public opinion (Lentin, 2011). In recent political debate, for example, around reducing the spread of HIV within the UK, by providing free treatment to foreign nationals (HAUK Select Committee, 2011), objectors have argued that this will increase immigration, out of a desire for free medical treatment (Department o f Health, 2005). Whilst I would not deny the greater prevalence of HIV in some parts of the world, and therefore some ethnic groups, associating this with the motivation for immigration, within such ethnic groups, being to take advantage of free resources, I would argue, has biologically racist undertones. In addition, there is no evidence that the provision of free HIV treatment would create such health tourism (NAT., 2008). With racism being legislated against (Race Relations Act, 1976), racist undertones are now more common than overt racism, when taking a biologically racist perspective (Jiwani and Richardson, 2011) and the denial of racism within Immigration and Asylum policy, arguing that its not racist to impose limits on immigration (Conservative Party, 2005), is unsurprising. Whilst immigration rules, by their nature, discriminate between those who have, and do not have, the right to remain in the UK, I would argue that this discrimination is only biologically racist, if decisions are made on the basis of physical difference. As such, it could be argued that the Conservative discourse is justified, in that some criterion are required for immigration control, but that such rules do not refer to particular racial groups having characteristics determining their suitability for immigration (Sriskandarajah, 2006). Whilst this argument does not necessarily prove the lack of racism within Immigration Po licy, it demonstrates how one definition of racism, in this case biological, can be used to deny its existence, whereas, as this essay will demonstrate, constructing alternative definitions highlights greater prevalence of racism within Immigration and Asylum policy. A combination of factors, including legislation, scientific rationale behind the non-existence of race and eugenics movements, have resulted in traditional forms of racism being constructed as socially unacceptable, causing a reduction, although not eradication, in overt, racist behaviour and a denial of racist intent (Romm, 2010). If my understanding of racism, therefore, were restricted to a biological definition, I might argue that its existence within contemporary Britain has reduced. By redefining racism, however, in the light of its social unacceptability, to subtler, indirect forms, the existence of racism, I would argue, in both Immigration and Asylum policy and wider British society, can still be seen. This subtler definition, known as New Racism (Collins and Solomos, 2010), argues that the same belief in racial superiority underpins many current discourses, but that new language is used to represent these traditional beliefs, for example, substituting race with immigrant or asylum seeker (Kimber, 2010). Returning to the Conservative Manifesto (2005), if no inference of racism exists within policy proposals, then why is there a need for rhetoric which defends a non-racist position? The powerful use of language is evident in this kind of discourse, because in addition to denying racist intent, arguments are constructed, such that, accusations of racism are deemed irrational, making any covert or indirect forms of racism difficult to challenge (Goodman and Burke, 2011). In Conservative leader, Michael Howards election campaign (2005), for example, the need for stricter immigration control is argued to be based on common sense, rather than racist principles. Mr. Howard categorises immigrants as good and bad, with those being different and not encompassing British values, deemed bad (Btihaj, 2006). Being a child of immigrants, he classifies himself a good immigrant, for whom racism is unacceptable because he is one of them, however, Michael is white, and therefore does not look different and his immigrant Father is Romanian, a Christian, European country whose values and cultures are more in line with Britishness than perhaps, non-white, non-Christian countries, making conforming to the image of good immigrant, much easier for him (Capdevila and Callaghan, 2007). In this way, I would argue that, although new language is used, racist beliefs underpin this discourse, in describing acceptable immigrants as white, with similar culture and values, and conversely less acceptable immigrants, as non-white individuals, refusing to conform to our culture and values. A biological definition would deny racism within this speech, whereas, a new racism definition highlights underlying racist discourse, which may result in the implementation of racist immigration policies. I would argue that this further demonstrates the contested and constructed nature of racism, which can be made to exist, or not, on the basis of its definition. This coded use of language can also be seen in wider public attitudes, within the UK. Where terms like lazy, stupid and unprincipled were historically used to describe racial groups, they are now connected with immigrants and asylum seekers (Craig, 2007). Similarly, Finney and Peach (2006) found that although discriminatory views have shifted from race to immigrants and asylum seekers, similar language, and reasons for feelings of animosity, are used in describing both groups. A biologically racist perspective, could argue that attitudes toward ethnic minorities have improved within the UK, but I would argue that, considering a new racism definition, although language and focus have changed, racist attitudes still prevail within contemporary British society. Another perspective in understanding racism, is to consider how policies, decision making and institutional practices create and define racism, rather than individual belief systems. This institutional definition of racism, argues that, policies are constructed to both subordinate, and maintain control over, particular racial groups (Carmichael and Hamilton, 1969). In this way, racism is the creation of inferiority through the implementation of organisational policies and procedures (Better, 2008) and is rooted in the processes of established and respected forces within society, which I would argue makes them less likely to be challenged than individual acts of racism (Carmichael and Hamilton, 1969). Institutional racism can occur unintentionally, by unwitting prejudice and racial stereotyping creating policies and cultural practices which disadvantage ethnic minorities (Macpherson, 1999). The complexity of institutional racism is that, organisations cannot make decisions or policies , without the presence of individuals and therefore questions whether an institution can be racist, or whether racism results from the influence of individuals within that institution (Roush, 2008). The UK Border Agency, in working predominantly with immigrants and asylum seekers, in my view, holds significant potential for institutional racism. Whether such racism is intentional is contested, but irrespectively, I would argue that, some immigration policies disproportionately disadvantage certain ethnic minorities. Recent changes to work permit policies, for example, mean that restaurants employing chefs from outside the EU, must find applicants with at least 5 years experience and graduate-level qualifications, paying them at least à £28,260 a year (Home Office, 2011). Although this policy is applied to all restaurants and its implementation aims to prioritise jobs for British citizens, I would argue that restaurants providing cuisine originating outside Europe, are likely to be disproportionately impacted by this policy and that such businesses are likely to be owned by, and employing individuals of, ethnic minorities (Khaleeli, 2012). In this way, whether intentionally or n ot, I would argue that these immigration changes are institutionally racist, in that their negative impact, upon ethnic minorities, is unjustifiably disproportionate. This again demonstrates, I would argue, how the definition of racism taken, can significantly impact its perceived existence within contemporary British society. A biological definition, for example, would argue that decisions are not being made on the basis of physical difference, as all individuals are receiving the same treatment, and therefore the policy is not racist. Similarly, new racism, by examining the language used, could still conclude that the intention of this policy, is not to favour any particular racial group. The difference, I would argue, with institutional racism, is that intent is less important than impact and therefore, racism can be deemed to exist if the outcomes for ethnic minorities are disproportionately worse than the general population, which in regard to this policy, I would argue, could be the case. The final perspective being explored, cultural racism, is argued by some to simply be an extension of new racism (Jacobson, 2008). Within immigration and asylum discourse, however, I would argue, the language of culture so frequently replaces that of race, as to make a distinct exploration of cultural racism beneficial (Diller, 2010). Cultural racism relates to the belief that less dominant cultures are dysfunctional, maladaptive or even deviant, emphasising individual failings, rather than a societal failure to accommodate difference (Williams, 2007). Although it could be argued that this moves too far from a valid definition of racism, this depends upon how race is defined and if there are no biological differences by which races can be categorised, then the socially constructed differences which create racism, may also be cultural differences (Pon, 2009). In this way cultural racism is both the negatively, differential treatment on the basis of cultural difference (Hill, 2008) and the denial of opportunity to express ones culture (Ford, 2005). Muslims are frequently constructed, for example, as a homogenous group, when in reality the diversity of individuals classifying themselves as Muslim, is too vast to validate a single identity (Al-Azmeh, 2007). Despite this, the term Muslim has become a way of describing ethnicity, both in politics and public opinion (Wilson, 2007). This process of homogenisation, I would argue, has caused ideas of fundamentalism, and terrorist intent, to be attributed to the Muslim identity, constructing them, in some respects, as an enemy of British society (Todorov and Brown, 2010). This is not only a discriminatory and inaccurate portrayal of a diverse group, but also culturally racist in the way such beliefs are played out in the implementation of policy and treatment of Muslims within British society (Qasmiyeh, 2010). This can be seen in proposed legislative changes, following the terrorist attacks of September 2001, where Prime Minister, Tony Blair, argued a need for increased ability to exclu de and remove those suspected of terrorism and those seeking to abuse the asylum system (Hansard, 2001). In addition, in describing the attacks, Mr. Blair highlighted the terrorists motivation as a religious obligation set out in the Islamic Holy text, the Koran (ibid). This demonstrates, I would argue, an underlying discourse associating both Muslims and asylum seekers with terrorism (Huysmans and Alessandra, 2008). Further political statements in the subsequent decade, I would argue, cemented this construction of Muslims as the enemy (Pantazis and Pemberton, 2009). In 2006, for example, a report on countering terrorism (Cabinet Office, 2006) concluded that the most prominent threat came from Islamist extremists. Furthermore John Denham, as Home Office minister, suggested that behind a minority group of terrorists, sat a wider Islamic community, who considered terrorism to be a legitimate response to current concerns (Denham, 2007). A consequence of this negative construction of Muslims, I would argue, is the discriminatory treatment of immigrants and asylum seekers who identify as Muslim (Pantazis and Pemberton, 2009). Risk-profiling computers, for example, determining on entry to the UK who should be scanned, searched and questioned, have been found to focus upon Muslim-specific behaviours, categorising practising Muslims as high risk (Webber, 2012). This is a clear demonstration, I would argue, of cultural racism, in determining negatively, differential treatment on the basis of cultural identity, further highlighting how the existence of racism, is very much dependent upon the way in which it is defined. Biological racism, for example, would argue that the range of ethnic diversity within Islam, indicates that any discriminatory treatment toward Muslims, cannot be racist, as underlying, discriminatory, motivations are not based upon biological difference. Similarly, although much of the discrimination explor ed, occurs at an institutional level, Institutional Racism is based on the impact of policies and practices upon racial, not cultural or religious, groups and so would not consider the matters explored to prove the existence of racism, within contemporary British society. Having considered varying definitions of racism, I would conclude that its existence, within contemporary British society, is complex and can be argued to be both prevalent and a thing of the past (Rattansi, 2007). By taking a biological perspective, this essay has considered that, although racist undertones may exist in some immigration and asylum discourse, its prevalence within British society is decreasing (Day, 2011). Alternatively, by taking an institutional view, where it is not intent but impact which is measured, the existence of racism has been highlighted, through some UK policies and institutions disproportionately, disadvantaging ethnic minorities. Similarly, by considering racism from the perspective of new language being used in place of traditionally racist terms, the prevalence of racism increases significantly, specifically, as this essay had demonstrated, within Immigration and Asylum policy. Finally, by extending this new racism definition to the replacement of ra cialised language, with that of culture, this essay has demonstrated how specific groups continue to experience significant levels of racism within British society, both in terms of policy construction and public attitude (Allen, 2010). Reflecting upon these various constructions of racism, I would argue that its perceived existence is highly dependent upon the definition used. Whilst this analysis has examined the existence of racism, it could be said that it does not explain its existence. Why is it that some groups consider it appropriate to negatively treat others, on the basis of their race? I would argue that the answer to this, is power. With biological racism, it is seen in the superiority and inferiority of racial groups, on the premise that biological difference creates a natural hierarchy. With new racism, it is seen in powerful discourses which paint racist ideologies as rational and in the best interests of Britain, whilst in reality maintaining the authoritative position of the powerful (Capedevila and Callaghan, 2007). With institutional racism, it is seen in those with the power to create policy and organisational procedures, constructing these to maximise the benefits for themselves and maintain their position of authority. Finally, with cultural racism, it is seen in the view that inferior and less developed cultures should be discarded an d individuals from such cultural groups assimilated into the dominant culture, accepting the superiority of these cultural norms. In light of this, I would argue, that if the existence of racism is determined by its definition and the purpose of racism is to maintain power, then a critical understanding of the constructed nature of racism, is paramount in assessing the discourses and policy proposals of those with such power. This reflection has also caused me to question the extent to which an academic pursuit of categorising behaviours, policies and ideologies as racist, is beneficial and if instead, it is deflecting the focus from challenging negative discrimination, faced by certain groups, irrespective of their experience fitting our socially constructed definition of racism. In conclusion, however, I would argue that, as racism is now considered both legally and morally wrong, if it can be accurately defined and its existence proved and highlighted, then work can be achieved towards its eradication (Cole, 2009). Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-21006033228256163792020-01-17T08:01:00.001-08:002020-01-17T08:01:04.268-08:00Film Techniques EssayShots wide shot- a wide shot is a shot that shows the setting as well as the character. This kind of shot is used so the audience can understand the characters physical experience with the setting. normal shot- a normal shot usually shows the characters waist and up. This is a standard shot that helps to focus attention on the action. close up- a close up shot is a shot in which the camera focuses on a characters face or a particular object this kind of shot is so it can grab attention. This is used to sometimes show emotion or tell that the object is significant or important to the storyline. Angles high angle- a high angle is positioned above the character or objects. This is usually used to make the character or the object appear smaller, scared or vulnerable. eye level- this angle gives a ââ¬Ëreal lifeââ¬â¢ effect, as the camera is positioned towards the character or object. This angle focuses attention and is mainly used in conversations. low angle- this angle is positioned with the camera looking up at the character. If a character/object is filmed with the low angle, it will appear that the character/object will be looking down at the audience to create an effect in which the character/object seems tall, scary and powerful. Camera movement Camera movement is when the charcter is moving the camera does the same. This shows a point of view. The purpose of the point of view is for the audience to get the impression that they are seeing exactly what the character can see. Framing Framing is what contains and what excludes certain objects. Unecessary objects in the film may be excluded but important objects may be included so the film can make more sense. Editing Editing is putting all the shots of the film together in chronological order. As well as peicing the shots together, the editor must match the music and sound effects with the correct scenes. Depending on the filmââ¬â¢s genre, the editor must edit the scenes so the music, the lighting and sound effects all correspond with each other so the scenes are suited perfectly. Pace Pace is editing the sequence at different speeds. When scenes are being edited they pace cetrain shots, some shots are shorter others are longer. When a scene is shorter it is faster and is suited for an action genre. When a scene is longer it is slower and it creates tension which is iseal for a romance genre. Transitions Transitions are used to take one shot to another. There are three ways in doing so; wipes, dissolves and fades. These are sometimes uesd for a skip in time. All of the transitions are used to either skip time or take one shot to another. Lighting, Music and Sound Effects Lighting creates either a bright scene or a dark scence to create an ambience. Lighting does many things: tells whether if it is day or night, it creates an atmosphere and a mood. It can help focus attention towards a specific part of the scene. Music is very important in a film. Although many viewers do not realsie the music it helps to create a mood and an atmosphere. Sound effects are easy to recognise. They are the simple sounds that can do so much more than the audience thinks. If it is the noise of an animal it can make thescene more realistic. In general lighting, music and sound effects are uesd to create mood and atmosphere. View as multi-pages Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-82961789282163881062020-01-09T04:23:00.001-08:002020-01-09T04:23:05.222-08:00United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Essay United Nations Sustainable Development Goals On September 15th, 2015 United Nation leaders created and embraced the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but it was not until January 1st, 2016 that the goals came into full effect (ââ¬Å"Sustainable Development Agenda,â⬠2016). The purpose of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is to combat poverty and hunger, ensure well-being, reduce inequality, protect land, secure clean water, and manage climate change(ââ¬Å"Sustainable Development Agenda,â⬠2016). These goals expanded on the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and now include peace and justice, sustainable consumption, and go further in undertaking issues of poverty (ââ¬Å"Sustainable Development Agenda,â⬠2016). The SDGs include solving issues of hunger, education, gender equality, economic growth, peace, climate action, clean energy, and clean water and sanitation. They present clear regulations for nations to incorporate int o their daily routines to provide better lives for future generations. Although the SDGs are not binding contracts, governments and leaders are expected to work together and follow through on ensuring that progress and development is being made. The new development goals require that all countries, impoverished and affluent alike, do their part in protecting their environment and making sure that they are making headway. The SDGs are a 15-year plan that focus on building a healthy and fair future for the world and its inhabitantsShow MoreRelatedSustainable Development Goals Of The United Nations957 Words à |à 4 PagesThe United Nations, as an organization that always devotes to promoting the development of human beings, has proposed a set of sustainable development goals in place of the old Millennium Development Goals. Goal 7, which is related to energy and includes 5 targets, is aimed to ââ¬Å"Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.â⬠Measurability of the Targets From a personal perspective, it seems that most targets within Goal 7 are measurable. The first target, ââ¬Å"by 2030Read MoreSocial Determinants Of Health May Influence The Burden Of Disease On Global Health1154 Words à |à 5 PagesMillennium Development Goals is to reduce disparity between countries. These goals aim to reduce poverty, hanger, and diseases in low income countries. The Millennium Development Goals were supposed to be attainable by a certain date (The United Nations, 2015). The purpose of the Millennium Development Goal is to expand the reach of education availability to people in poor countries and increase the level of world literacy (The United Nations, 2015). Moreover, the purpose of these goals is to createRead MoreEssay on The Effect of Environmental Sustainability1416 Words à |à 6 Pageshow the activities of developing nations, as well as those of developed nations, continue to pose a threat to our planet and its finite resource base. This in turn affect s human wellbeing, as exploitative and polluting activities will in another manner negatively affect humankind globally, but especially the less developed nations. Therefore it is imperative that economic development and sustainable development cooperate together in order to allow for human development with environmental sustainabilityRead MoreOutcome of RIO earth summit 19921626 Words à |à 7 PagesIn 1992 the historic UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED, popularly known as the Earth Summit) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil witnessed unprecedented political will and commitment among governments to make a paradigm shift to sustainable development. Acknowledging the twin crises of poverty and the environment. About the Conferenceâ⬠¦ United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) 2 week conference Largest gathering of world leaders in history ââ¬Å"historic moment forRead MoreThe Goals Of The United Nations1540 Words à |à 7 Pagesunderstand the goals of the United Nations I had to go back to the very beginning, to the foundation of the United Nations. The League of Nations was formed in 1920 and lasted until 1946 when it signed over its assets to the United Nations after countries began to leave. Countries quickly began to leave once they had realized the League could not make settlements where they did not have the power to do so causing dictators to abuse this power. In 1942, before the League of Nations failed, FranklinRead MoreEssay Sustainable Development and Population Control1569 Words à |à 7 PagesSustainable Development and Population Control à à à à A nineteen year old pregnant Chinese girl is forced to abort because she is too young to have a child. Iran, an Islamic nation, instructs religious leaders to promote contraception as a social duty. A Norwegian international banker worries about migratory tensions that would engulf his nation with waves of third world immigrants. A Los Angles Times article decries the lack of an official United States population policy. What do theseRead MoreSustainable Development : The Definition Of Sustainable Development1432 Words à |à 6 Pagesterm sustainable development has gained a lot of attention, however, it has since been overused to a point of saturation where it has lost the influence it previously elucidated and become a jargon for developers and slogan for environmentalists. What does sustainable development mean? For years scholars have tried to define and articulate the concept of sustainable development which has led it to become an oxymoron of sorts. Over a century before the use of phrase sustainable development cameRead MoreMethods For Overcoming Resistance To Change In Digital Transformation In Healthcare Organizations703 Words à |à 3 PagesTelemedicine Project Management Base on PMBOK for Healthcare Organizations. 6. Creating a Sustainable Development Model for Telehealth in Digital Transformation of the USA Health System to Achieve Goals in UN Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) agenda 2030 7. Impact Factors to Build Global Digital Health Based on UN Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) Agenda 2030 8. Relationship Between Leadership Culture Development and Globalization of Telehealth Services in the USA Healthcare Organizations 9. HowRead MoreThe Concept Of Sustainable Development Essay1654 Words à |à 7 PagesThe concept of sustainable development is generally understood in two similar but differing perspectives. The first of these is the social-scientific definition explicated most frequently in relation to the 1987 report of the Brundtland commission.1 This report defines sustainable development as our ââ¬Å"...ability to make development sustainableââ¬âto ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needsâ⬠2. The second perspectiveRead MoreClimate Change And Its Impacts On The Environment935 Words à |à 4 Pagesdiscussed by relating it to the issue of sustainable development as well as identifying several implications of a continued ââ¬Å"Business as Usualâ⬠approach and concluding by providing several objectives and alternatives to improve sustainability of the world. Before continuing towards the discussion of the connection between climate change and sustainability, the term ââ¬Ësustainable developmentââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ësustainabilityââ¬â¢ will be explained first. The term ââ¬Ësustainable developmentââ¬â¢ is relatively similar with the term Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-6844076587204379222020-01-01T00:49:00.001-08:002020-01-01T00:49:03.744-08:00How to Use the Spanish Verb Quitar With a basic meaning of to remove, the everyday Spanish verb quitar has a wider variety of meanings than the simple translation might suggest. Common translations, depending on the context, include to remove, to take away, to diminish, to eliminate, and to take off. Although it may have a distant etymological connection with the English word quiet, quitar doesnt have a related meaning, although it can be used to mean quit when used in a particular phrase as shown in the final entry below. Quitar Meaning ââ¬ËTo Removeââ¬â¢ To remove is the simplest and most common meaning for quitar, and the other meanings overlap with it. Note how you can vary the translation considerably depending on the context. For example, while it is common in English to say you can remove your clothes, you can also take them off. But while you can remove a television from your room, you dont take it off, although you might take it out. Me quità © los zapatos y no sà © dà ³nde los dejà ©. (I took off my shoes and dont know where I left them.)Quiero que quites esos libros de mi casa. (I want you to take those books out of my house.)Con toda delicadeza y cuidado, Peter le quità ³ la astilla con su cuchillo. (Very delicately and carefully, Peter removed the sliver with his knife.)Un paciente necesita tomar la medicina por 7 a 10 dà as para quitar la infeccià ³n completamente. (A patient needs to take the medicine for seven to 10 days in order to completely get rid of the infection.)à ¡Quà tate de mi camino! (Get out of my way! Literally, get yourself out of my path!) Quitar for ââ¬ËTakeââ¬â¢ or ââ¬ËTake Awayââ¬â¢ In some contexts, removal can suggest the taking of something. Where the taking is involuntary, quitar sometimes has the meaning of to rob. Robin Hood le quità ³ el dinero a los ricos. (Robin Hood stole money from the rich.)Le quitaron el record a Palermo. (They took the record away from Palermo.)El ladrà ³n me quità ³ todas mis pertenencias. (The thief robbed me of all my belongings.)El trabajo me quita muchas horas del dà a. (Work uses up many of my hours of the day.)La gente nos quitaba las bolsas de manzanas y melocotones de las manos. (The people took the bags of apples and peaches out of our hands.) Using Quitar With Reference to Feelings Quitar sometimes refers to the removal or elimination of emotions or feelings. Translations can vary with the feeling affected. Podemos disfrutar un sorbo que nos quitarà ¡ la sed. (We can enjoy a sip that will quench our thirst.)Quiero quitar el dolor de muelas sin ir al dentista. (I want to end my dental pain without going to the dentist.)Las Tic Tacs tienen solo dos calorias cada una y te quitan el hambre. (Tic Tacs have only two calories apiece and take away your hunger.)Tenà amos un montà ³n de informes favorables que nos quitaron el miedo. (We had a mountain of good news that overcame our fear.)Los drogas me quitaron la felicidad de abrazar a mi hijo. (The drugs robbed me of the joy of hugging my son.) Quitar for Quitting The phrase quitarse de, which literally means to remove oneself from, can be used to mean to quit when followed by a noun or infinitive. Dejar is used more often for this purpose, however. Hoy es el dà a de quitarse de Facebook. (Today is the day to quit Facebook.)Recuerdo que se quità ³ de fumar por un problema de pulmà ³n. (I remember that she quit smoking because of a lung problem.) Grammar Tips for Quitar You may understand some of the sample sentences better if you have a strong understanding of indirect objects and reflexive pronouns, as quitar is often used with them. Possessive adjectives are also important to learn when el and la are used as the equivalent of words such as my and your. Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-85149262334825742792019-12-23T20:34:00.001-08:002019-12-23T20:34:03.166-08:00Taking a Look at Adolescent Pregnancy - 2571 Words Adolescent pregnancy is defined as pregnancy in girls age nineteen or younger. There are different risk factors for adolescent pregnancy. Besides being young, some of them include: poor school performance and not graduating college, or in most cases high school, lower socio economic status and not being able to take care of themselves let alone another person, and older male partners who do not usually want to be involved in their childââ¬â¢s life, which ends up leaving parents to raise their children on their own. ââ¬Å"The reason why teenage pregnancy is an important public health issue is because integrated action across several sectors is needed to help young women avoid unwanted pregnancy and to deal with the consequences of the pregnancyâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Too Much Too Young? Teenage Pregnancy is a Public Health, Not a Clinical, Problem). Teen pregnancy is also a public health problem because there is only so much that can be done to prevent it from occurring. There is only the complexity of teaching sexual health to teenagers, along with the organization of maternity services to those mothers who decide to carry out their pregnancies the full term, or services for those who decide they want to terminate their pregnancies. Also, public health problem solving includes using surveillance of interventions. Without accurate and appropriate data, public health problems become problematic. Another public health prevention is giving out free or cheap condoms around schools or communities, althoughShow MoreRelatedThe Controversy Regarding Teenage Pregnancy: The Essential Role of Education and Good Parenting1270 Words à |à 5 Pagespresently much controversy regarding teenage pregnancy and the probability of its chances being reduced by education and good parenting. The surrounding environment plays an essential role when considering teenage pregnancy and it is thus very important for teenagers to be provided with proper education and a positive environment in o rder for them to be able to understand the difference between right and wrong. One of the most important things about teen pregnancy is that society as a whole needs to getRead MoreAdolescent Pregnancy: Prevention Levels1437 Words à |à 6 PagesAdolescent pregnancy (part three) Having looked at the facts and figures around the issue of adolescent pregnancy, as well as discussing the various approaches that will be used and the stages that the research paper will be taking in the process of investigating the social challenge, and also the conceptual framework within which the research will function, it is prudent therefore to look at the various approaches to the intervention strategy to the social challenge. These are the different levelsRead MoreThe Age Of The Pill1530 Words à |à 7 Pageswere made available. By the 20th Century, teen pregnancy was the norm. The prevention of unintended adolescent pregnancy has become an important goal of our society. Although adolescent pregnancy and birth rates have been steadily decreasing, many adolescents still become pregnant. The purpose of this research paper is to review the history, current status, programs and the future of teen pregnancy. History In the early 20th Century, teen pregnancy was the norm. Women were lucky to get an educationRead MoreAbortion : Pro Choice Or Pro Life1105 Words à |à 5 Pagesapparently a mistake it would not only make doctors look bad, it could make other methods of science look unethical as well. One of the leaders of abortion, one them being the National Abortion Federation (NAF) has had the victim of ââ¬Å"many abortion clinics throughout the nation [experiencing] violenceâ⬠(Alters, pg. 1). This could be the case because doctors and nurse are ones that assisting and letting women abort their child. This is where doctors look because doctor usually know as individuals to treatRead MoreReflection On Social Work749 Words à |à 3 Pagesinformation. I have also expanded on some of my knowledge, as I have taken Human Behavior with Kathryn last semester. Something I like about social work is how we donââ¬â¢t just focus on one issue or problem. Instead, we use perspectives and look at the problem. We look at the biological, psychological, and social aspects. I have learned that issues going on at home, or in between a family, normally start with a domino effect. It could have started with a loss of a job which spirals to a divorce, becauseRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?947 Words à |à 4 PagesA subject that is talked about a lot in todayââ¬â¢s society is whether or not kids should receive sex education in public schools. With rates of teen pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases on the rise, it is essential that school aged adolescents receive appropriate sex education courses. Though many parents across the nation believe that it is crucial to curriculum, how much they should be taught and what exactly should be taught is up for dispute. Articles such as ââ¬Å"Abstinence andRead MoreEssay on Bio-Ps ychosocial Stressors in Adolescents975 Words à |à 4 PagesAdolescent Stressors Adolescents today face a myriad of stressors in their lives that can impact who they are and who they will become. Bio-psychosocial stressors appear to be more prevalent in minority adolescents who reside in lower socioeconomic households. Impoverished neighborhoods experience a great deal of financial difficulties, crime, and single parent homes. Adolescents growing up in these households often have lower grades in school and a lack of self confidence verses their counterpartsRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is A Major Concern Today s Society1352 Words à |à 6 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a major concern in todayââ¬â¢s society; there are many factors in a teenââ¬â¢s life that can cause pregnancy. In addition, multiple challenges and hardships will come with teenage pregnancy not only for the female, but also for the male. Being a parent is very demanding and can be hard. The difficulties that come with an unplanned teenage pregnancy can have profound effects on their life. Th eir physical, mental, and emotional health will be affected by the sudden news that they willRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Parenthood As A Social Problem1466 Words à |à 6 PagesTeenage pregnancy and parenthood as a social problem Question ââ¬â To what extent should we regard the efforts of recent governments to reduce teenage pregnancy and early parenthood as successful? * Source 1 Williams-Wheeler, D. (2004). The unplanned pregnancy book for teens and college students, Virginia Beach, VA: Sparkledoll Productions. The information gathered from this source is definitely devoted to the topic of teenage pregnancy because it is a helpful guide to those handling unplanned pregnanciesRead MoreTeen Mothers Experiences1027 Words à |à 5 Pagesthink of pregnancy as being an exciting moment in life to experience the joy of parenthood. Parenthood is something that all committed married couples look forward to and hope for. This concept is usually thought of by adults that can manage to support a family and acquires a strong partnership with a lifetime companion. Commitment is one of the key concepts to successfully raising a child. However, this exciting news turns into a tragedy for an unexperienced teenager undergoing pregnancy. Teens are Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-66391515078108576272019-12-15T17:04:00.001-08:002019-12-15T17:04:04.283-08:00Dissertation Employment and Workplace Design Free Essays string(59) " the twenty first century is all about embracing a change\." [Impact of Workplace Design] Institute of Hotel Management Aurangabad The Impact of Workplace Design ââ¬Å" A study of the Employee on the Job Performance in Taj Palace, Delhiâ⬠Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement of B. A (Hons) in Hotel Management University Of Huddersfeild United Kingdom March 2013 [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 1 [Impact of Workplace Design] Declaration I declare that this Dissertation is the result of my own individual efforts and that it confirms to university, departmental and course regulations regarding cheating and plagiarism. No material contained within this Dissertation has been used in any other submission, by the author, for an academic award. We will write a custom essay sample on Dissertation: Employment and Workplace Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Third Year Hotel Management Course Institute of Hotel Management, Aurangabad Date: 19. 3. 2013 [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 2 [Impact of Workplace Design] Acknowledgement Every professional endeavor requires the hard work of many worthy minds and this work is no different. I would begin by thanking my Dissertation guide ââ¬ËMr. Ananad Iyengarââ¬â¢, his patience and support, were instrumental in accomplishing this task. I thank my year tutor ââ¬ËMr. Rakesh Katyayaniââ¬â¢ and my dissertation coordinator ââ¬ËMr. Saurabh Krishnaââ¬â¢ for their amazing organizational skills that kept me focused on my work. Many of the arguments and facts mentioned in this work were sourced from books, journals, newspapers and websites. Though I have tried to acknowledge most of the sources to the best of my abilities, there were certain sources whose roots were not available making it absolutely impractical and difficult to provide accurate acknowledgement. Regardless of the source I would like to show my gratitude to these anonymous works as they may have contributed greatly towards my endeavor. Last but not the least I would like to thank my college ââ¬ËInstitute of Hotel ManagementAurangabadââ¬â¢ for providing the necessary guidance and resources and I would also like to extend a vote of thanks to the ââ¬ËSummonsââ¬â¢ online library of the ââ¬ËUniversity of Huddersfieldââ¬â¢. This work would have been incomplete without their academic support. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 3 [Impact of Workplace Design] Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1. Research Questions 1. 2 Subsidiary Questions 1. 3 Aim of the study 1. 4 Purpose of the study 1. 5 Limitation of the study 1. 6 Dissertation structure 6-8 8 8 8 9 9 9-10 2. Literature Review 2. 1 Introduction 2. 2 Ergonomics 2. 3 Workplace Motivation 2. 4 Supervisory support 2. 5 designing the new workplace 2. 6 Flexibility at workplace 2. 7 Health factors and wellness programs aff ecting on the job behavior 2. 8 The impact of technology on, on the job behavior 2. 9 Environmental concerns regarding workplace design 2. 10 Managing underperformance 2. 11The people involved 1 11-12 13-14 15 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 21-22 21-22 22-23 23 3. Research Methodology 3. 1Approach 3. 2Research Question 3. 3 Research design 24 24 24 24 4. Results and discussion 4. 1 Interview 4. 1. 1Mr, Avijit Sen, G. M. , Vesta Hotels, Jaipur 4. 1. 2 Mr. Akesh Bhatnagar, G. M. , Golkonda Hotel, Hyderabad 4. 2 Structured Questionnaire Analysis 25 25 25-27 28-30 30-40 [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 4 [Impact of Workplace Design] 5. Conclusion and recommendation 5. 1 Summary 5. 2 Major Findings 5. 3 Scope for future research 41 41 42 42 6. References 43 LIST OF TABLES FIGURE 1 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING EMPLOYEESâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. 31 FIGURE 2 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING MALE EMPLOYEES â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. 32 FIGURE 3 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING FEMALE EMPLOYEES â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ 33 FIGURE 4 COMPARITIVE STUDY OF ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING MALE AND FEMALE EMPLOYEEâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ 34 FIGURE 5 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING EMPLOYEES AGED 18-25 â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 35 FIGURE 6 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING EMPLOYEES AGED 26-35 â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 6 FIG URE 7 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING EMPLOYEES AGED 36-45 â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 37 FIGURE 8 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING EMPLOYEES AGED 46-55 â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 38 FIGURE 9 COMPARITIVE STUDY OF ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING ALL AGES â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 39 [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 5 [Impact of Workplace Design] Chapter 1 ââ¬Å"All work is seed sown. It grows and spreads, and sows itself anewâ⬠Thomas Carlyle Abstract Workplace design in the hospitality sector has become a very important phenomenon; people do not only wish to see a luxurious front of the house but also an amazing back office. Workplace does not only imply to external and architectural design, it also in its folds covers the topics like motivation, wellness, supervisory support, environmental concerns, learning and development etc. This project deals with understanding proper workplace design as a tool for improving on the job performance of an employee. The researcher plans to conduct a research on some of the employees working in the food and beverage department of Taj palace Delhi to understand which attribute of workplace affects them the most and till what extent. The project also involves semi structured interviews with professionals at high designation in the industry and what is their take on the importance of work environment as an overall change maker. The objective is to completely understand workplace modeling and how innovations in the same can make it better in the future. 1. Introduction In the changing world of today where luxury and fashion make up for eighty to ninety percent of emotional content in an individual, people look for fashionable and comfortable work places also. The researcher aims to study workplace attributes in the hospitality industry and its affect on, ââ¬Ëon the job behaviourââ¬â¢ of the employees The researcher while working will adopt ââ¬Ëcontingency orientationââ¬â¢, he will aim to understand that organizational behaviour/on the job behaviour is complex and is driven by a lot of factors. No two employees are alike and different situations means different to each and every individual. Managers therefore must learn to adopt workplace policies that answer not only the grievances of few but provides solutions for the problems of the many. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 6 Impact of Workplace Design] The researcher aims to follow a three point approach while achieving objectives for the given topic. ? Identifying the causes of current behaviour through a questionnaire analysis on work and its attributes ? ? Sidelining strategies that would help mitigate current causes of disengagement Studying the impact of change implemented f or the same Managing workplace and workforce in the twenty first century is all about embracing a change. You read "Dissertation: Employment and Workplace Design" in category "Free Dissertation Samples" In many ways the job of the workplace is to perform the same functions as it performed earlier which is to manage, motivate and influence employees. Current scenario is that, the workplaceââ¬â¢s expectation from the employee is the same but the employeeââ¬â¢s expectation from the workplace has changed drastically. The complex variety of social, personal, environmental, recreational and technological changes that have taken place recently makes the task of managing workforce and designing workplace even more challenging. Someone rightly quoted ââ¬ËManaging on the job behaviour today is like pushing water uphill using a rakeââ¬â¢ (Anonymous, n. d. ). Time is short and stakes are high. Corporate are running a race to achieve perfect face value amidst their competition. Companies that manage their workforce well get higher returns on productivity. After all, a lot depends on the produce of a company. Recently many companies have focused their attention towards IT; they feel technology gives them an added advantage since it evolves rapidly. Managers forget that technology can only seldom provide an organization with a competitive advantage but in the end, it is the people that matter. Research has also shown that investment in IT workers pays greater dividends than investment in hardware or software. When employees quit they are not leaving their jobs, they are leaving their workplace. Therefore a great workplace atmosphere creates a better on the job performance thereby creating a cadre of the finest productive workers. Products can easily be aped but not the workplace on which the productivity and behaviour of the human resource depend so an organizations greatest competitive advantage is its own workplace and the behavior of its [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 7 [Impact of Workplace Design] employees in the workplace. Implementing methods for the improvement of a workplace should be the first and foremost decision of any company. This is why companies like CISCO, Harley Davidson and Merek are different they invest in manpower more than any other attribute. They understand the importance of work and workplace systems alike. One must know that implementing a straightforward management strategy is easy but what really counts is what the management does in difficult times when on the job behaviour is not good and there are high rates of employee attrition and abseintism. . 1 Research Question ? Is On the Job Behaviour influenced by workplace design? 1. 2 Subsidiary Questions ? ? Would a better on the job performance affect organizational productivity? Why have no strong laws in workplace design been implemented in the past twenty years? ? Will factors like goal setting, performance feedback, role congruity, defined processes, workplace incentive, supervisor support etc influence ââ¬ËOn the job beha viorââ¬â¢ of an employee? ? Have there been improvement trends in workplace design? 1. Aim of the study The aim is to analyze the effect of the Workplace attributes on the employees ââ¬ËOn the job behaviorââ¬â¢ by performing a structured research in the Food and Beverage department of Taj Palace Delhi. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 8 [Impact of Workplace Design] 1. 4 Purpose of the study Workplace and jobs have become a complex phenomenon in todayââ¬â¢s times. Employees today have a large number of alternatives and selections at their disposal and hence workplace becomes a crucial factor for keeping or leaving the job. It is imperative that an Employees working environment is well kept and maintained because ultimately the workplace environment is what defines on the job behaviour and employee motivation. How well an employee adapts to his psychological, psycho motive, desire and health factors at his workplace will determine his workplace behaviour, productivity and errors. Through this research the researcher aims to prove the relation between workplace factors and on the job behaviour of the employee thereby being able to prove that workplace design factors definitely impacts on the job performance of an employee. . 5 Limitations and scope of the study: Broad research in this field would bring about data collection complications. The research only analyses the data collected from a few employees in the food and beverage department. The semi structured interviews will also not show the bigger picture as different people have different opinions about their own workplace, to some the workplace seem s perfect to others it may require a lot of change. Although the study covers only a small department in one business unit of the hospitality sector research on this subject in the near future on a macro level would provide managers with an all new level of understanding in employee motivation and workplace design. The research can be extended to hotels resorts or even company policies. 1. 6 Dissertation Structure: The 1st chapter, the Introduction essentially covers the topic of the research and a brief on its relevance to the industry today. The chapter summarizes the approach of the researcher and the hypothesis and other objectives. The chapter speaks of limitations and scope of this dissertation in the next decade. It also covers some of the questions that the researcher will analyze during the course of this project. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 9 [Impact of Workplace Design] The 2nd chapter, the literature review forms the basis of the dissertation. It carries a vivid description of each of the workplace attributes, their current scenario in the industry, prior research and the researcher valuable critique. The literature review provides a structure to the dissertation and also helps to prepare a structure for the data analysis and research methodology. The Literature review also decides the scope for future research on the given topic. The 3rd Chapter, the research methodology deals with the steps the researcher has taken to obtain the desired data to conclude his hypothesis. It also gives a comparative understanding of how the researcher has composed the models for analysis and what was the approach. The 4th Chapter, the data analysis contains the conducted interviews and the analysis of the data collected from the employees in the form of a structured questionnaire, the chapter has the analysis of the data which proves the researchers hypothesis and also answers the subsidiary questions as given on the first chapter The 5th Chapter, conclusion and recommendation summarizes the dissertation and the results of the analysis. It has the critique of the researcher on the existing procedures and how they can be changed in the near future to achieve outstanding results. The chapter also provides a valuable insight into how future research can be conducted for the same [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 10 [Impact of Workplace Design] Chapter 2 (Literature Review) ââ¬Å"When people go to work, they shouldnââ¬â¢t have to leave their hearts at home. â⬠-Betty Bender 2. 1 Overview It has always been argued that distraction, lack of interest, poor decisions and high absence are the major causes of employee disengagement; but what organizations actually forget are that these factors might be just the symptoms; ââ¬â the root cause may be very different (Slade, 2010). Recent scenarios also indicates that subtle productive changes in the workplace environment today actually reduce employee absenteeism and attrition, which in turn improves on the job performance thereby impacting productivity in a very positive way (Roeloefsen, 2002). Today it has been proven that employee satisfaction is directly proportional to job satisfaction, which is directly dependent on the working environment. Workplace factors are a major catalyst in productivity and on the job performance of an employee. In fact, research has focused on ergonomics or biomechanics because of workersââ¬â¢ demands for more comfort at the workplace (Wells, 2000). Theorists believe that everyone seeks a balance between what one puts into his work and what one expects to get out of it. Most of the time one tends to compare his own situations with that of other employees in the market place, before he actually decides to work with a particular organization (Adams, 1963). In the recent past the nature of employee and employer relations has actually been distorted because of the changes in job structures and way of living. There are a number of companies in the market and therefore not only employees but employers also need to focus on their conduct to make a mark in the business. Higher salaries and better perks may seem the most obvious way of increasing an employeeââ¬â¢s on the job performance but this is influenced by other important factors that include work motivation, training and development opportunities, physical, psychological and psychomotive factors (Leblebici, 2012). [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 11 [Impact of Workplace Design] Maslowââ¬â¢s hierarchy of needsââ¬â¢ theory argued that the measure of anthropogenic attitudes to work was slowly and steadily being extended to workplace and work environment as well for understanding human psychology and motivating factors. The study involved synthesizing success stories of exemplary people like Einstein, Roosevelt, Douglas and Adams rather than studying the so called neurotic or mentally ill. The model involved looking at human psychology from scratch ââ¬â basic needs like food, water, lifestyle, love etc. Going step higher, needs evolved to less basic ones like security, employment, morality, family etc. At further higher levels, needs were more exclusive and included a need for creativity, belonging, selfesteem, motivation and culture. It was realized that if all these factors were well taken care of in a workplace environment, they would boost the on job performance of the individual , which would reflect on the team thereby boosting productivity on a whole (Janet A Simons, n. d. ). McGregorââ¬â¢s theory on the contrary involved classifying workers as X or Y elements, where the X elements are idle, destructive and redundant and require motivation and training to bring them up to speed with work and business. Elements Y on the other hand, are selfmotivated workers flushed with creativity, who actually make up the strong pillars of the business and require less support as compared to the element X. McGregorââ¬â¢s theory differs from Maslowââ¬â¢s theory where he states that it is the worker who should be motivated. According to him, the workers should have a positive relation with the workplace to ensure all psychological and self actualization needs are being fulfilled for better performance and productivity. Stuart, 2010) Finally differing from all other theorists Herzberg found out that factors that were cause for concern were company policy, relation with the boss, working conditions, salary and relationship with peers. On the other hand , the factors that kept them motivated were achievement, recognition, business as usual, responsibility , advancement and growth, which again linked the theory of Herzberg to Mcgregor and Maslow (Anonymous, n. d. ) Therefore it may be said that a workplace is the result of various decisions, feelings and emotions working together in a close and cohesive work environment. So to actually determine what is it that actually impacts on the job performance of an employee. The researcher will look into biomechanics which has been a very recent breakthrough in research better termed as Ergonomics at workplace. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 12 [Impact of Workplace Design] 2. 2 Ergonomics: Today ââ¬ËErgonomicsââ¬â¢ or innovation in workplace procedures has become the hip word in the United states of America as the workplace is going through major changeovers during this particular era. The Modern Office Procedure Council has even moved up to publish an article fashionably, entitled ââ¬ËErgonomics; the outbreak of a newer disciplineââ¬â¢ (Anonymous, n. d. ). The article though not very acclaimed has covered: work-stations, work-environment, behaviors at work and many other minute issues that are generally overlooked while discussing on the job performance. The research brought together problems that had been collected and researched over a period of thirty years to prove that employers could actually boost employee on the job performance through workplace design. Thi research is mainly being focused on the employeesââ¬â¢ reaction to workplace and workplace design. Working all day at a desk in an office takes its toll on the eyes, neck and hands which are sometimes termed as Musculo Skeletal disorders or simply (MSDs) (Anonymous, 2010). Workplaces have today initiated Healthy Work Practice Programs (HWPP), these programs provide a proper checklist for office ergonomic design and also help develop strategies to implement the same (Anonymous, 2010). A study conducted in 2000 also states that in the workplace today where technology has taken over a lot of the workplace space there should be supplementary breaks in between to reduce eye strain and over exertion of the eye muscles (Anonymous, 2007). Theorists have argued that the rate of production per industry per day has been increasing daily to maintain a competitive advantage in the market place. Technologies are being upgraded, work lifestyle is changing and most importantly, recreation time is being diminished. In such an environment, where humans are actually becoming synonymous to machines, the importance of rgonomics is paramount. If the principles of Ergonomics are not applied to the work task and tools, workers might go through undue stress and mental strain, which in turn decrease on the job performance and have a negative impact on productivity as a whole. Recognizing the ergonomic factors in a workplace is the first step to recognizing the hazards related to workers o n the job conditions. Engineers believe that removing physical stress from the working environment could actually eliminate many serious work related injuries each year. Employers should learn to understand employee mindset and work design to make the workplace safer. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 13 [Impact of Workplace Design] Ergonomics can help reduce many (MSDs) while working in operations like hotels, as the work involves giving more than eight hours a day to operations. The process also helps increase the productivity as it provides safer working conditions that motivates the workers to work better in an environment. Ergonomics would also help decrease the absenteeism rates due to less MSDââ¬â¢s and more energy among the work force. A workplace can substantially reduce turnovers if new recruits find their workplace properly designed to suit their mindset. Reduced expenses, resulting from a decrease in the rate of (MSDs) would require less cost for covering illness and reduced organization and personal medical costs (OSHA, 2000) OSHA also agues that Reducing Ergonomic Hazards at a workplace is probably the easiest of operations to perform. If one is an employer and his employees frequently complain of ergonomic hazards, all he has to do is incorporate an ergonomics program in the foundation of his organization. The program should motivate employees to participate and should provide scope for valuable feedback to supervisors. The program should be checked regularly by the executive in charge to ensure transparency and productivity. The program at the end of the day should be successful and should be a proper training and development task for employees as well as employers (OSHA, 2000) Though from personal work experience it is strongly believed, Employees in the Hospitality ndustry have an inner belief that it is the organizations outlook to provide them with safe, healthy and balanced working conditions. Over a period of the past two years the researcher has completed successful working hour within the premises of three Hospitality establishments and has nowhere experience a proper Ergonomic design program in place. Apart from workplace design 58% of the employees strongly agree that the motivation factor is a major discipline if one wishes to measure the relation between job performance an d workplace. Each and every employee feels that to sustain and work happily in a working environment there are only two things of paramount importance, the first being workplace design which has been explained above by the researcher in great detail and the other is Motivation factor. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 14 [Impact of Workplace Design] 2. 3 Workplace motivation Motivation recently has been a keen area of research among industrialists and psychologists as it impacts on the job performance of an Individual. It is being taken as a very serious process in a workplace. The beginning of motivation for any personnel in any field of work is very simple, ââ¬Ëhe deserves to be treated fairly and with respectââ¬â¢. On the job behaviour is a pure reflection of how one is treated within the organization. The second step to why motivation is an important fact is because ââ¬Ëmotivation leads to a change in behaviour, which in turn decides changes in the productive aspect of the employee at workplaceââ¬â¢. Slowly but steadily managers in many concerns have started taking the concept of motivation seriously. The assessment of satisfaction in the workplace has been a very common occurrence in the recent times and has been used as a tool to measure employee well being and satisfaction in a particular department (Spector, 1997). General Research has shown that out of twenty candidates, seven prefer to go to work happily i. e. They are the category X employees according to the X and Y theory. Ten employees have a feeling that they wish to remain neutral some days can be happy and well other could be boring. The remaining three who are the Y candidates feel that their orkplace requires drastic improvements. There was a similar answer from all the candidates when they were questioned about appreciation, belonging, scope of improvement, salary, supervisor support goal setting and feedback. Therefore as gathered from work experience at a diverse number of workplaces, the general feeling is that workplace motivation is a very important aspect. If the behaviour of the supervisor or the senior does not motivate the employees at work then the employee tends to abhor their work leading to increased abseintism and attrition. The researcher feels that out of a ten hour work shift an employer must at least spend thirty minutes with his employees to evaluate what they have done and what they should do in the near future to establish success in their working methods. An employer should be able to successfully develop a sense of confidence and optimism in his employees. The employer should also once in a while allow the employees to volunteer for tasks that are beyond their abilities so that even the failure can help generate self learning through a method of retrograde training. Apart from this the researcher also feels that an employer must successfully be able to map his employeeââ¬â¢s goals and aspirations to help them achieve the same through directed learning and development opportunities. Apart from all this the general feeling is that beyond motivation a good supervisor at the workplace is also an important factor for retaining and satisfying employees. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 15 [Impact of Workplace Design] 2. 4 Supervisory Support Today Supervisors are a very important factor in the workplace. They are epitomes of knowledge and mediums of effective feedback for employees who are working under them (Durham CC, 1997). The level of supervisory support is directly proportional to the teams introduced in workplace today. A supervisor today should be able to comprehend the mood of the individual and the team and work accordingly. With increasing number of team members under a supervisor the need for traditional support reduces. Today a supervisor is expected to possess the qualities for performing diverse roles as with changing scenarios the rolls of different teams. With the drastic changes in the environment it is necessary that the supervisor is chosen before the contingent team is prepared and his behaviour and attitude towards his work must be assessed before-hand so as to give a complete sense of satisfaction to all employees as theorized by (Tannenbaum SI JA, 1996). A supervisorââ¬â¢s major focus should be on the job enhancement practices for his subordinates, feedback and training. This will help bring about a change in the employeeââ¬â¢s behaviour, motivating him to redesign the workplace. A supervisor must allow an employee to learn from mistakes rather than spoon feeding and directing each and every time as there is a line of research that states that ââ¬Ëautonomy without doubt is the best form of learningââ¬â¢ (Parker Sk, 1998). Sometimes theorists do say that leadership and supervision have a lesser impact on satisfaction but that does not mean it has no impact at all. Supervisory support has critically been recognized as an imperative process for continuous development of new teams on the aspects of satisfaction. BM, 1997) The effect of supervisory support on employee satisfaction is an attribute which has scarcely been researched over time. What really matters is the ability of the supervisor to stay within a team and work as an equal and at the same time being able to stand out from the rest in some unique way or the other such that, he is successfully able to motivate and supervise the employees he has to lead. No supervisory support is complete without a super workplace design. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 16 [Impact of Workplace Design] . 5 Designing the new workplace Today ââ¬Ëon the job behaviourââ¬â¢ is becoming an important aspect of workplace productivity, architects and interior designers have been working hard to provide employees with the most exquisitely modeled workplaces possible. But the time has come to look beyond architectural innovation because (Jusko, May,2000) says that a study conducted in office design and workplace survey in some of the best offices in the US states that most of the managers gave working conditions a grade ââ¬Ëcââ¬â¢. Hence, it was proved that there are some things beyond architectural design that prompted workers to do well, which were none other than ââ¬Ëwellness and recreation designââ¬â¢ Healthcare expenditure is soaring high, there is a definite need for reducing hospital and sickness costs in each and every organization. The United States of America and the European nations have adopted structured wellness programs in their office design (Kutler, 2010). Research widely shows that prevention of injury and disease decrease working cost by $3. 47 per employee per day. This average return on investment clearly highlights the fact that incorporation of wellness programs within an organization would help profits greatly and would positively influence on the job performance with reduced health concerns, injury and cost of treatment Theoristsââ¬â¢ believe a key factor of human resource is to promote employee satisfaction thereby promoting customer satisfaction. Referring to ââ¬ËMaslowââ¬â¢s triangleââ¬â¢ , it can be easily seen that a sense of belonging, friends, culture, team work, co-worker support and supervisor support, games and recreation make an important part of an employeeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëself-actualizationââ¬â¢ needs. Workplace recreation and design is very evident in organizations that bring together people and processes and its introduction into the hospitality sector is a highly necessary evil. The question to ponder over is why again is a recreational design required at a workplace? The answers though are pretty simple. Today Recreational activities provide a form of intrinsic reward, a sense of self satisfaction from within, which boosts employee motivation. Participation in recreational activities and retreats, help put a balance between work and life. Recreational activities that require participation of staff teams provides scope for individual behaviour and attitude feedback. Recreation in a way helps an employee connect his aspiration to his organization and last but not the least, recreation provides the best forum for self development (Mokaya, february,2012) [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 17 [Impact of Workplace Design] So, when it comes to linking recreation and health with on the job performance it has been well seen that both help in strengthening the social bond between customer and employee. They help in developments of skills like leadership, team work and communication, which are invaluable assets for the service industry. The activities also provide a good social forum for discussion and understanding of topics like goals, vision and mission of the organization and future endeavors; it also provides scope for innovation and brain storming at work, coupled with increased friendship and cohesiveness among the staff. Other than wellness and recreation Work stress is also a major cause of not liking ones workplace so to provide a better relationship among staff and employers it is necessary also to act upon the concept of workplace flexibility. 2. 6 Flexibility at workplace Today flexibility means defining how and when a work is done and how does one organize his career in such a critical way that there is improved workplace effectiveness. Companies use workplace flexibility as a major tool for managing, customizing, recruiting, retaining and strategizing workforce load as said by (E. Friedman, 2002). There have been several studies in this field that have successfully been able to prove that flexibility has a major role in reducing stress, increasing effectiveness and improving performance. Flexibility at workplace can be of many types depending on what the work demands and how the superior wants to maximize the amount of work done by a particular employee. Today Traditional flextime at a workplace allows employees to choose their own times of coming and leaving the office such that their times will be surrounding the time of core operating hours and the work meted out to them should be done. Employees are given a certain amount of time in a week to complete their work for e. g. ; the employee is to work ten hours a day for four days a week or has to complete eighty hours of work over a period of nine days and so on and so forth (E. Friedman, 2002). Many companies also do offer a concept better known as summer hours, i. e. , increasing an hour per day and completing the time allotted before the designated day, to apply for an extra off. Theorists believe that Flexibility is many times wrongly termed as an employee perk whereas it is only a tool to successfully manage employee on the job behaviour/performance. Its importance is such that it can be used over a range of managerial jobs and at different levels of the hierarchy. Most importantly it is a precise tool and should only be applied only [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 18 [Impact of Workplace Design] where the management feels apt to do so, everyone cannot ask for flexibility and not all jobs can be given flexibility. There are instances wherein on a permanent job an employee can be provided flexibility for a temporary period to boost his morale so as to help him change his outlook towards his work (E. Friedman, 2002). It is imperative that a company realizes the problem it wants to deal with, using the tool of flexibility. It is wise always to look into flexibility issues of comparable companies before such a step is taken to boost employee esteem. The company should conduct internal studies and should actually be completely sure about the attitudes of the personnel for whom they are allowing flexibility as the companyââ¬â¢s entire working schedule will be centered on flexibility. Going by what theorists say, coping with flexibility is also not an easy factor so it is always better if the supervisors of a company are better trained to monitor staff that are flexible and are trained to calculate output from a flex oriented workforce and last but not the least, a company should make its staff well aware of the continuing improvements and should regularly appreciate staff who have done well on a flexi schedule through accolades and newsletters. Though flexibility is not a very common answer to problems in the Hospitality sector as it is a very human oriented industry, what can actually become the solution is concentrating on improving the health of an employee. 2. 7 Health Factors and Wellness Program affecting on the job behaviour Today a workplace is viewed from the health perspective, research so far has looked into workers health in two aspects, the former being ââ¬â do organizations today promote wellness and health programs for workers? And the latter being ââ¬â Are healthy workplaces also the ones which are more productive? The first question generally covers human resource, employee motivation, hazard free environment, wellness programs, supervisor support, training and development. The latter question though here is significantly more important for this particular research as it is looking into improvements in ââ¬Ëon the job performanceââ¬â¢ of a worker in the organization. Looking at a very three dimensional view of the situation, the answer to the latter appears to be more qualified and complex. Organizations are slowly incorporating workplace wellness programs in their work schedule but actually translating the measure of wealth to on the job productivity is a very difficult task that is required to be accomplished. The research on this front appears to be very weak because in the service industry where work is supposed to be inconspicuous, the industry has shown graphs of deteriorating worker [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 19 [Impact of Workplace Design] health and wellness because of the amount of hard work required and less time available for oneââ¬â¢s own self. One must identify the gaps in the health environment of a workplace and should aim to understand the synergistic effects of certain health promotion exercises by combining psychology with job behaviour to research factors like motivation, productivity , sickness ,absenteeism , leave and other psycho social outcomes that can be measured through wellness studies conducted on the job. Organizations must invest in a healthier working environment and employee care as it will no doubt increase productivity and will be a smart investment in terms of future returns. It is highly imperative that employees coordinate with employers for such programs and understand the effects of team related, work related and family related healthcare. But then again by incorporating better technology also, one can reduce the stress on the Human workforce of the industry. 2. 8 The impact of technology on, ââ¬Ëon the job behaviourââ¬â¢ Technology has not only changed the workplace today but has also become the lifeline of success of any company. The world has changed after the advent of fax, internet, Wi-Fi, e mail and holograms. Technology is upgrading itself each minute and will continue upgrading itself at a fast rate. Imagining work without access to technology is unimaginable. Technology has not only changed the lives of the physically able but has also given equal power to the disabled to compete and even be more productive than normal. With the advent of technology, more and more physically challenged people are entering the business today that probably earlier, just had one or two options. Before technology the differently abled could only earn from supplement programs of the government or could attend ââ¬Ëtraining and retrainingââ¬â¢ in schools for the challenged, but their life was neither challenging nor productive. The knowledge of assisting devices ââ¬â how they work and how easily they can be serviced, has empowered the physically challenged to reach newer heights, today even they can be workers, coworkers, self-earning individuals and most importantly with technology boosting their self-esteem, they have become successful and productive employees of today. Theorist believe Whether disabled or not , technology will continue to assist individuals in a job where precision and time management are required, and before joining a job the employer [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 20 [Impact of Workplace Design] s often riddled with questions about what technology will the employee be using and can the technology be remodeled as per his convenience of use (Cohn, 2000). Therefore it is imperative that technology keeps changing so that work becomes easier as ease of work is another incentive/tool to improve on the job performance and quality of service. Before we close the topic of technology, we must not forget that a very simple technology that has been around for the past few years is the one on which the foundation of every successful business industry is based is the e-mail, which is viable proof that technology is a burning need. Though technology is indispensable, policy makers in every country should take an important stride to maintain on the job wellness and a healthy workplace environment. A healthy environment is the first installment of better and greater future returns and for that technology must go hand in hand with the Environmental concerns of Today. 2. 9 Environmental concerns regarding Workplace design Environment issues at workplace should be a growing concern for any company today after the green laws and threat to the ozone layer. Apart from all this it also affects employee performance and on the job behaviour. Who would like to work in an office with bad ventilation and the smell of asbestos around? An infected work environment is a health issue; it not only decreases productivity but also has a direct impact on employee health causing diseases like asthma, claustrophobia and lung infections. This in turn again increases employee absenteeism and health costs of the company. The Employers should take necessary steps to ensure a healthy work environment. The organization should maintain and keep to the guidelines provided by OSHA and EPA to maintain cost effective ways of managing work environment and reduce absenteeism and attrition to influence on the job behaviour and employee productivity. Theorists argue that employees should also understand greater concerns related to the environment when they are working in a service industry where 75 to 80 percent of the waste generated is biodegradable and can be managed simply by doing CSR initiatives and nonprofit work. Restaurants generate around seventy to eighty kilos of edible waste per day. If a company plans successfully, the food waste can safely be disposed off to NGOââ¬â¢s for the poor as a CSR initiative which would give employees a sense of belonging and goodwill and [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 21 [Impact of Workplace Design] would motivate them to innovate on better and unique methods of waste disposal for the greater good and environmental concern. The reason for bringing in environmental concerns while studying employee productivity is the simple fact that ââ¬Å"waste should be eliminated in the surroundings where it is generatedââ¬â¢ then only is it said that the company follows a policy of successful waste management. Therefore, every company should have a method of connecting with the experts for complete understanding of environmental concerns relating to a guest service industry. Proper training and development sessions on how to manage cleanliness and environment around and in the workplace should be well followed by employers. The employees should be trained in the art of environment management by their given organization. After discussing every aspect of workplace design one must not forget that an Employees reason for discord may also be underperformance which also sadly makes up a large part of the workplace design. 2. 10 Managing underperformance Workplace is marked by unsatisfactory work performance or the failure to comprehend and act on the tasks which are to be done by the individual in the position of power he holds. The reasons clearly stand to be; a high degree of non compliance with workplace policies and/or rules, unacceptable behaviour from peers at workplace and disruptive or attitude clashes with bosses or superiors. Apart from this the reasons that are more importantly missed while carrying out a feedback are an employeeââ¬â¢s problem in understanding what is expected, his incapability to perform in the given position due to a mismatch between job profile and skill set, lack of regular counseling thereby paralyzing the employee technically, family issues, drug abuse and work culture. It has been frequently argued that dealing with underperformance has always been challenging for employee and employer alike. Managers with formal education require the 5Cs to deal with underperformance which relatively are character, commitment, conviction, courtesy and courage (Khera, 1998). It is crucial to resolve underperformance problems in the location where they arise. Not necessarily does every underperformance issue require a structured approach but the mind must always be free to explore additional options. Employers must remember in all contexts that underperformance affects a work environment adversely. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 22 [Impact of Workplace Design] There exists certain incapability among managers to identify the source of underperformance and then assess it successfully. Never has one seen all companies perform at the same level and if they would have, the existence of competition would not have been a paramount feature hence it is important to understand who controls the situation and who manages the workforce. 2. 1 The people involved After discussing all the attributes involved in a workplace design that lead to positive on the job performance, one must not forget the major question of who should be involved in the major processes. An article published by (Frenburg, 1985) stated that flexibility, health, environment, recreation and motivation impacted on the job performance as it involved a sense of well being and belonging in an employee. The researcher also found that whatever gaps were left in progressive work design was the lack of consultation between employee, employer and workplace designer. It is undoubtedly very clear that a workplace benefits more from staffs who are motivated and trained and understand who the boss is. Effective performance management individuals can create better employees and better effectiveness at workplace. Non compliance with workplace issues, negligent behaviour and hostility in the workplace environment leads to leadership, teamwork and managing the workplace issues. It is rare that an employee knows what is expected from him. Many a times it has been seen that for all the processes mentioned above, there are as such no ground rules laid down by the department to help employees with the same. Unless employees are made to understand that they are underperforming, it is very difficult for them to actually understand that they are underperforming (government, n. d. ). It is essentially required that the head HR managers and executives , properly look into the tasks mentioned above so that proper coordination is maintained and all the processes followed very closely and carefullyâ⬠¦ [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 23 [Impact of Workplace Design] Chapter 3 (Research Methodology) 3. Approach The researcher has adopted a mix of ââ¬Å"quantitativeâ⬠as well as ââ¬Å"qualitativeâ⬠approaches to carry out this particular study. The Qualitative analysis involves the primary research which draws inferences from the working environment and its effect on the employees in the food and beverage department of the Taj Palace Delhi. The secondary research of this analysis involved conducting literature reviews through thorough study of journals, books and websites to get a glo bal understanding of employee and employee workplace to substantiate the primary research. The quantitative approach involved conducting a survey of thirty employees in the food and beverage department of the hotel, the questionnaires were distributed to equal number of men and women and were spaced over a span of different age groups to understand how employees today feel about their workplace and what is the change they would like to see in that particular department or their working conditions in the near future. After which the researcher conducted semi structured interviews of certain industry personnel who have given sufficient amount of years to the industry and who can successfully compare and contrast the difference between workplace scenarios then and what change they have undergone now. 3. 2 The Research Question/Hypothesis Do workplace attributes affect on the job behaviour of an employee? 3. 3 Research design The primary design of the research is an empirical deductive research. The questionnaire data has been collected from thirty employees belonging to different societies and spread over different ages and genders. The qualitative data involves deducing data from semi structured interviews of hospitality industry professionals with sufficient experience of the topic. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 24 [Impact of Workplace Design] Chapter 4 (Results and Discussion) 4. 1 Interview 4. 1. 1 Mr. Avijit Sen, General Manager, Vesta Hotels Jaipur How critical is the physical work environment to office space designing today compared to when you began your work in the industry? Things were indeed very different when I began in the hospitality sector. The industry was still going through a phase of metamorphosis and things were very new. Then, every HM student was considered to be a waiter and a culinary guy a ââ¬Ëbawarchiââ¬â¢. There was no defined workplace design as such, people were staunch followers of the phrase work is worship and no matter whatever be the condition work is our livelihood so good or bad pleasing or not so pleasing it did not matter. But yes things are very different now. People are being judged on their overall efficiency more and more jobs are being replaced by technology and a small number of highly qualified individuals are required in a business unit. Workplace or the so called physical environment of the employee has become an epicenter of change. Innovation and efficiency are todayââ¬â¢s mantra and are the keys to employee motivation. Everyone wishes to have an environment with his own physical space. There has been more stress on scientific design lately to suite the body and physical needs of employees and with labor becoming more and more costly, one has to design to retain. When did you first begin to realize that the work environment or the workplace itself has started affecting your on the job behaviour? Well to be very honest, it was not very tough to realize that. When you are at the level of assistant managers you are young in the industry and the world seems to be a gift of Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 25 [Impact of Workplace Design] unlimited possibilities. At that time when you are in the period of frequent transfers and property changes you seem to notice designs and patterns I am from a food and beverage background for me at least I knew that the design of the bar or the restaurant definitely mattered. Better ambience better origination would not only please customer but also employee alike. The major difference always will be that some places the organization would have designed well at other places it would have not shown much interest so the working attitude really differs from place to place. I preferably found the Private hotels and their designs better and hence changed over from ITDC. Why do you feel that the industry is taking so long to incorporate workplace innovations even after realizing that it has a significant impact on the on the job behaviour? Unlike all other product oriented businesses which have been there from time immemorial the hospitality industry is relatively knew and mapping all aspects of its production is very difficult. Plus recent insights show that the hospitality industry is still in need of a lot of qualified professionals Workplace design though essential is a very hi-fi concept, the education system in India is definitely not equipped to produce out of the box thinking individuals and that is why there are very few. It is not that the workplace engineering concept has not been introduced, the fact still is that hospitality professionals are still not mentally prepared to embrace the realities of the concept. If you wanted to create the ideal workplace environment, what would you envision it to be if you were an employee? Honestly, if I were to view workplace as an employee, India is far from achieving the vision I have seen. Improvements are not only required in staff line motivation but also infrastructure [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 26 [Impact of Workplace Design] Life in hospitality is fast paced, the job is demanding and work hours are eerie. In a scenario like this, employees are forced to come and change in a changing rooms cramped with lockers that would not even hold two pair of suits. The washrooms of the back area are cramped and employees literally have to bend to accommodate. The bunk beds placed for employees on night parole too are rough and uncomfortable When I began as an hotelier we had a few prestigious properties of hospitality scattered in the regions of Delhi Madras and Bangalore and sadly when today hospitality is growing its staff sector is still underdeveloped. The resources are not proper and the facilities are scarce. What do you feel have been the most repetitive complains regarding workplace issues in the industry? Being a manger you face those complains in abundance, you can never categorize these complains as important or non important. Many of them are linked to issues I have already discussed with you in previous questions. I often get complains like the environment smell rancid, the cleaning in the back areas are, not proper. Technological failure, softwareââ¬â¢s not working. Then you will also not be surprised to find complains like space in washroom is not sufficient or the staff rooms are too claustrophobic. Lack of basic amenities and training programs and less motivational factors related to work. Office innovation or workplace change is actually the development of technological social and personnel aspects, what are your comments on this statement? It is definitely that but a lot more is what I would like to say as I have mentioned every aspect in my answers above. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 27 [Impact of Workplace Design] 4. 1. 2 Mr. Akesh Bhatnagar, General Manager, Golkonda Hotel, Hyderabad How critical is the physical work environment to office space designing today compared to when you began your work in the industry? Interesting Question, you see physical work environment or office design now is like the rotation of the earth, there is day and there is night. Some changes occurred for the best and well others were not that successful. Office design was critical then and is critical now the only difference today is that people are more aware of what is expected of them. In the 1980s when I was still in my twenties I remember the laws of transparency at work and overtime were not strict. People could get away with anything and everything and honestly we did not bother much we did what our elders had done, we were told work was for a living and it had to be done come what may. Today though things have taken a drastic turn with people today aping the west and with more flexibility in laws and awareness employees tend to choose their own workplace. If it is good and up to their level of comfort they will do the job and if not ââ¬Ëitââ¬â¢s not their cup of teaââ¬â¢, so today office space design has actually become a mirage of what the employee wants to see. It is his job and his way. When did you first begin to realize that the work environment or the workplace itself has started affecting your on the job behaviour? Well it is actually hard to recall but if you ask me personally, I would say I realized it when I was training with ITDC on a banquet operation. I remember I had a very grumpy supervisor who would snap at us every time we moved a glass from here to there. It was actually intimidating the way he would actually direct us in each and everything how to walk, how to talk and how to serve, what to say and what not to say. One must understand that people do not like that. They prefer an environment that gives the ease of working not overstress them From there on I started judging my workplace by how my peers were, how my colleagues were, how well kept my workplace was and most importantly whether I can expect to get back what I put in. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 28 [Impact of Workplace Design] Why do you feel that the industry is taking so long to incorporate workplace innovations even after realizing that it has a significant impact on the on the job behaviour? Well Varun, I do not know if you realize this or not but hoteliering is not the most happening profession in the world today. You will actually be surprised to know how many people keep this as a second option, honestly hoteliering was my second option too it was much later when I came face to face with my work that I realized it is not that bad after all. If you see figures the industry is actually in need of more than twenty thousand educated professionals but alas! People with brains either become engineers or doctors or join other professions with other noble roots. There is a shortage of skilled personnel in this industry and people knock on the doors of this profession when they have realized that they do not stand a chance elsewhere. People like you that is if hotels was your first option are really hard to come by so you know bringing in an innovation which few seem to understand feels like a waste of time so the process of workplace change though slow seems even more redundant because of the lack of skilled people for its execution. If you wanted to create the ideal workplace environment, what would you envision it to be if you were an employee? Well if I were to envision my work place I would see myself sitting on a chair that floats above the ground and be able to move in an out through walls unnoticed eat sleep work and enjoy when I want. Jokes apart, I am just trying to say that there can never be one vision. The vision of workplace for every person changes with the change in his seniority and his mindset. When I was at the Front office manager I wanted a bigger desk today when I am a General Manager I want a bigger and much more technologically improved office What one envisions to see will always be steps away from reality, so if you wish to sum up what each and every one of us in this industry wants it would just be ââ¬Ëparadiseââ¬â¢. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 29 [Impact of Workplace Design] What do you feel have been the most repetitive complains regarding workplace issues in the industry? Well when you talk of complains in this industry they are more like tantrums of kid. It is like when the kid wants something he wants it without even realizing whether or not the company would actually be able to provide him with the same. I get complains like ââ¬Ëthe staff washroom is to smallââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ë we need better lockersââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëthe work hours are killingââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ësir, I did not get my designated ofââ¬â¢ and last but not the least ââ¬Ë my supervisor and colleagues do not respect meââ¬â¢. This world is a battlefield of conflicts, people strive to achieve better and better. To people there will always be a scope for change so workplace design or change is like polishing a diamond with each intricate cut it shines better and its value doubles. Maybe many of the complains do not have a solution but many also do but the irony is if you solve one they come up with upgraded versions of previous complains so you have got to keep improving yourself so that you can face the challenges of the future. Office innovation or workplace change is actually the development of technological social and personnel aspects, what are your comments on this statement? Definitely, very truly spoken because work and its outcomes depend mainly on personal social and technological aspects, enhancing all of the above would definitely enhance productivity. . 2 Structured Questionnaire Analysis A structured questionnaire was provided to thirty staff members selected randomly from the food and beverage department of Taj Palace Hotel, Delhi. The questionnaire involved ranking workplace as an important attribute affecting job satisfaction and on-job performance on a scale of one to five, with one being the lowest and five being the highest. After the data was collected, it was analyzed for the importance placed to different attributes with regards to the employeesââ¬â¢ job satisfaction and on-job performance. An average of the [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 30 [Impact of Workplace Design] data submitted by all participants of the study was calculated and a bar chart was generated as follows. Attributes of Job Satisfaction 5 4. 5 4 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 1. 5 1 0. 5 Attributes 2. 6 2. 6 3. 7 4. 4 4. 1 3. 9 3. 6 3. 6 3. 7 3. 7 4. 1 4. 2 4 4. 5 3. 8 4 4. 5 0 Figure 1 The analysis of this questionnaire presented to employees of different ages and working at different levels in the Food and Beverage Department of The Taj Palace Delhi yielded very interesting results. Looking at the bar chart from the average of all attributes of work and workplace design , it is naturally seen that Learning Opportunity, Promotion, Motivation and Workplace Architecture play a major role in employee satisfaction, which in turn is known to be directly proportional to the on the job behaviour of the employee. Many employees have also marked Wellness Programs and Job Security as important reasons for retaining a job. The analysis also included ideas collected from, The Restaurant Manager, supervisors, the stewards and also management trainees working in the department. The questionnaire by design was circulated to an equal number of male and female employeeââ¬â¢s in the study. [Varun Sahgal (H-18095)] Page 31 [Impact of Workplace Design] Next, the researcher segregated the study findings by gender to see if any deviations occurred in the result. It was realized that different workplace attributes motivated male and female employees differently. Given below is a Bar chart of the attributes that the male employees considered essential for job satisfaction. 5 Job Satisfaction Attributes for Male 4. 7 Employees 4. 1 3. 4 3. 8 3. 7 3. 4 2. 8 2. 5 4. 1 4 4 4. 2 4. 2 4. 2 4. 1 4 4. 5 4 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 1. 5 Attributes(M) 1 0. 5 0 Figure 2 It was clearly noticed that for male employees working in the Food and Beverage department of The Taj Palace Hotel, Delhi that what motivates them the most is the physical attribute of workplace, which includes working desk and back area design. Workplace architecture is closely followed by job security, training and dev elopment, motivation while attr How to cite Dissertation: Employment and Workplace Design, Essays Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-5900757296975264822019-12-07T13:47:00.001-08:002019-12-07T13:47:02.730-08:00Homelessness Discursive free essay sample Homelessness is seen as a controversial subject that statistics show is on the increase. This makes homelessness a problem in society that cannot be ignored. Firstly, let us examine some of the causes of homelessness and views about the homeless and from the homeless. Also, let us examine some initiatives that may help or solve the problem of homelessness. After extensive research, it can be seen that there are many reasons for becoming homeless such as: family problems, debt, drink and drug abuse and arguments in a family. Some people who become homeless are homeless because of debt. This happens when people do not have enough money and have to borrow loans which they cannot pay back. This can lead to homelessness. The following quotes are taken from case studies of some homeless people; they tell us how their personal situations lead to homelessness. Mary, who is a ââ¬Å"bag ladyâ⬠is in her early fifties and cannot remember how long she has been homeless: ââ¬Å"Iââ¬Ëm like this because everyone diedâ⬠¦ I could get away without working because of the benefitsâ⬠¦ Mum died first then dad gave up a few years laterâ⬠¦ Benefits stoppedâ⬠¦ I wanted to live a bit so spent more than I hadâ⬠¦ I said I was here because everyone died but itââ¬Ës really because of debt. â⬠Maryââ¬â¢s homelessness was caused by her spending more than she had and therefore she was forced onto the streets. Mary was offered advice but she did not take it so her only alternative was to live on the streets as she had no family left or around her to offer any practical help. Subsequently, studies have shown that homelessness is experienced by younger people as well as older people. Let us consider Kelly, who is seventeen years old and is homeless in Aberdeen: ââ¬Å"My mum was told by my step dad that I could stay till my family allowance ran out. I didnââ¬Ët go back to school when I turned sixteen so the benefit stopped. He was as good as his word. I went to my granââ¬Ës firstâ⬠¦ gran saw me as one of my mumââ¬Ës problemsâ⬠¦ When I first came to Aberdeen it was to stay with a friendâ⬠¦ I tried hostels so I had an address to apply for jobs but I didnââ¬Ët get the jobs because of my appearanceâ⬠¦ I never looked right for the jobâ⬠¦ People wonââ¬Ët believe that someone can just put you out of your own home but thatââ¬Ës what happened. â⬠Kelly became homeless because her step dad put her out of her own home. As a consequence of this, Kelly became homeless. This case shows that even with family around them young people can be vulnerable and can suffer. Kelly had no real alternative but to leave home. Society views the homeless in a very stereotypical wayââ¬â¢s the following people show. Karen, who is twenty eight is a young mum with a part time job and has lived in a small town all her life, explains why she thinks people become homeless: ââ¬Å"I will cross the road before I would pass themâ⬠¦ I used to go to college in Edinburgh and I would see them at the stationâ⬠¦ They are mostly junkiesâ⬠¦ I donââ¬Ët know where they get the money to drink and do drugs but it must come from somewhere. â⬠Alison is a housewife with a part time job and three children and she comments: ââ¬Å"When I come into town on the trainâ⬠¦ I am put off when I see homeless people. I always feel, when thy beg for money, that they are trying to make me feel guiltyâ⬠¦ As a family, we work hard to get what we needâ⬠¦ I would rather give my money to a proper charity. â⬠The above comments suggest that most homeless people take drugs and drink and also that they do not work hard enough to get what they need. Both Karen and Alison fail to see the individual person as all they see are people to be criticised and avoided. Some homeless people find it very difficult to seek help when they are seen only as a stereotype; peoples body language as they walk past can lower the self esteem of the homeless and make them feel like they are not wanted and therefore feel they cannot go to any one for help. Stereotypical views are harmful. Homeless people can feel that they cannot talk to anyone but they can post information on a website called: ââ¬Å"The Way They See Usâ⬠. This site lets the homeless post how they feel; almost like a diary but everyone can see it and it allows them to unburden themselves. The next two people have posted on this site how they feel. Here, Vicky explains how she feels when people pass her: ââ¬Å"The worst thing for me was people looking at me in disgust. I had no control over my appearanceâ⬠¦ When I begged for spare change I could see the disgust in peoplesââ¬Ë eyes. â⬠Vicky must feel horrible when people look at her in disgust and she might be worried that if she asks for help they might just turn her away. Her personal problem which has arisen from being homeless is one of low self esteem. Darren comments: ââ¬Å"I have been back home now for almost a year. My parents and me, we patched things up. It got so bad on the streets that I phoned home one nightâ⬠¦ It was that best decision I madeâ⬠¦ It is all horrible, especially in winter, but the worst thing is forgetting who you are and losing your identity. We go by street names and you start to think of yourself as a bit of the street rather than an individual person. â⬠Darren is lucky that he reconciled with his parents but others are not so lucky. This story shows that low self esteem can also lead to a lack of identity and eventually many homeless people feel that they are so unimportant that they disappear altogether. Vicky and Darren demonstrate that the homeless are individuals with individual worries and concerns. Studies have shown that homelessness is very serious and is on the increase. In North Ayrshire there was an increase in homelessness of 66% and in Argyle and Bute, there was an increase of 70% all due to unemployment and a lack of opportunities for both young and old alike. On the whole there are approximately 1. 463 children under the age of five that are homeless with their families and 37% of homeless people are under the age of 18. All these studies were done in 2009/2010. Accident and Emergency departments have seen a 7% rise in the number of homeless people coming in with homeless related illnesses like hypothermia and flu. Dr. Alexander of The Southern General states: ââ¬Å"It is upsetting to think that once we have put these people back on track we send them, once again out onto bitterly cold streetsâ⬠¦ Each winter takes its toll. Lack of food and water and constant exposure to the elements mean that winter related illnesses such as colds and flu can become dangerous to these people. â⬠As some homeless people have no shelter, they cannot recover from illnesses as well as others. Increasing numbers of homeless people can be caused by debt or unemployment, at this point in time, the credit crunch may be playing a part in the increase of homelessness, people might not be able to get jobs and will get into debt and then will have to leave their homes and therefore become homeless. I think that new methods should be used to help the homeless people find shelter and a place where they feel safe, for example, buildings that are empty at night should be opened up and could be paid for by the council or volunteer funding, I also think that shelters should be opened up during the day so that it can be used as an address for the homeless. I think that the council should build affordable homes for people who do not have enough money. As a lot of people are homeless because of debt and this would help reduce the increase in homelessness. In conclusion, having examined the topic of homelessness, I have found that homelessness is an increasing problem that no one wants to help with. My research has shown that society should not turn their back on the homeless and pretend it is not a problem. I think that initiatives should be introduced to help make the homelessââ¬â¢ life better. Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-81557990773248721092019-11-30T01:29:00.001-08:002019-11-30T01:29:03.449-08:00Matrix Analysis Essays - Fictional Cyborgs, Action Heroes Matrix Analysis "That is because you are seeing for the first time." What is he seeing? How is he seeing? These questions are often asked when referring to philosophy. Philosophy is based on questioning and searching for truths. In Matrix, the search and questions were for the truth about our own existence. We see that we are here on earth. We feel things and know things, but why? Is it because we are told to believe these things? The whole movie symbolized a path of life which most of us have come across once or twice. This path is to answers. Neo, the main character, is our guide through this movie. He drags us through his thoughts and doubts which have been in all our minds. As a child did you ever think that your life was just a dream? One day you would wake up and you would be in a crib. You wouldn't remember anything. This movie portrays the minds and thoughts of anyone who has ever wondered or was intrigued. What is the matrix? Well it can be perceived as anything one wants. The matrix is the artificial mind. It is the blank slate in which we can program what we want. The world as we know it now is just a program. The movie portrays the mind as a white room. There are no walls, no furniture, just space. The matrix installs the ideas, emotions, and sense that we think are real. Yet as we have matured, our minds have been taught to believe that we are in a reality. What is real? How can someone tell you it is real? Someone can call a color pink but what is pink? To me I may see red, but I am told to think pink. Just as Shakespeare wrote, "A rose is a rose by any other name it will still smell as sweet." Philosophy is integrated well in this movie. It is not hidden, it is relevant. The names of the characters in themselves mean a great deal. Thomas Anderson, a computer hacker, becomes the chosen one. He has been picked by Morpheus. Thomas Anderson doubts everything. He is referred to as the biblical character "doubting Thomas". His name is change to Neo after he is chosen. This is his "real" name. Neo, which means new or change, symbolizes the need to find the truth. Once Neo believed, he found himself like a Christ-like figure. He had to face a decision to die for all. He was chosen to free us, who are slaves to the material, dream world. This is similar to Christ dying for us. Morpheus, who is the guide to the "truth", is considered the biblical figure John the Baptist. He is searching for the chosen one and is relying on his faith to deliver him. John the Baptist prayed all his life to find the Messiah. Finally he came just as Neo had. Trinity, who is a follower of Morpheus, symbolizes the Holy Spirit. The combination of all three strengths into one person. She is able to incorporate herself into Neo when he is on his death bed. She is the breath of life. These biblical references opened the door to many other philosophies. Throughout the whole movie, Descartes' and Locke's ideas were being introduced and often used. Although I had previously stated that Neo symbolized, Christ, he also had symbolized Descartes himself. "I think therefore I am" that was the only thing Descartes was ever certain of. He questioned everything and anything. The movie the Matrix stressed the use of machines as the program of motion for humans. Descartes saw that all motions were mechanical processes, but the soul can not be controlled. In one scene, Neo fights Morpheus in a kung fu bout. Neo is programmed to be a fast fighter. He at first does poorly because he tries to use his mind to control his actions. Then he realizes that it is not his mind controlling him, it is machine. He believes the human body is a perfect machine. Descartes feels that his life is a dream. He has no way of distinguishing between dreams and reality, therefore he doubts everything. "The greatest minds, as they are capable of the highest excellencies are open to likewise to the greater aberrations; and those who travel very slowly may yet make far greater progress, provided they keep always to the straight road, than those who, while they run, forsake it." This quote sums up all the Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-74441405101399169142019-11-25T22:57:00.001-08:002019-11-25T22:57:04.160-08:00Human Resource Management PoliciesHuman Resource Management Policies The case study centers on human resource management policies. The research focuses on the problems of the case. The research includes providing solutions to eradicate the two major problems. The solutions will favorably reduce the companyââ¬â¢s employee turnover rate.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Human Resource Management Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In terms of the case study overviewââ¬â¢s background facts that affect the current problems, the companyââ¬â¢s turnover rate is high. The employees are disgruntled with the employeesââ¬â¢ financial and job security future. There is no section that focuses on the development of the current and future employees. Many of the top caliber employees are transferring to the competitors. The employeesââ¬â¢ disgruntlement is grounded by the companyââ¬â¢s not caring for the good employees of the company. The companyââ¬â¢s employee turnover rate stood at 30 percent. The employee turnover rate was the same during the past three years. In terms of the constraints or obstacles of the above situation, there are many constraints or obstacles to reducing the companyââ¬â¢s employee turnover rate. The obstacles are grounded on managementââ¬â¢s use of practical reasons as basis for their unfavorable employment policies (Morrison, 1991, p. 1). First, the company refused to institute a plan that ensures the companyââ¬â¢s promotion possibilities do not reach a dead end. The average employee will do oneââ¬â¢s best to surpass job benchmarks. In turn, the hardworking employee expects some reward from management. The reward may include bonuses for exemplary job performance. Another reward is a salary increase. Third reward is giving the employee citations or plaques for his overzealous job performance. The management officers were too busy focusing on resolving the current financial crisis, forgetting the employeesââ¬â ¢ economic welfare. The economic crisis forced the company to set aside employee job enhancement plans. The companyââ¬â¢s tight cash position prevents allocating funds for the enhancement of the companyââ¬â¢s current employee benefits. The benefits include increasing the employeesââ¬â¢ salaries and wages.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In terms of identifying the problem and the related symptoms, the problem is the improvement of the companyââ¬â¢s employment image. There are several symptoms of the problem. In terms of the first problem, the companyââ¬â¢s employee turnover rate averages an unfavorably high rate (30 percent). The companyââ¬â¢s hiring a new human resource manager indicates there is a serious employee turnover problem. The employeesââ¬â¢ dead end concept of the company indicates the company has an urgent problem. Helenââ¬â ¢s own person conviction indicates that she is not happy with the current human resource management policies. In terms of the second problem, some management officers are preventing the enhancement of the employee retention program. In the case study, Helen Morgan mentioned that the companyââ¬â¢s board of directors, especially Harry James, hinders the promotion of many qualified company employees. Harry James insists on retaining the better employees under his wings. By doing so, Harry James does not need to hire the promoted employeesââ¬â¢ replacements. Harry James feels that hiring new employees will entail training of the new employees. Training the new employees will reduce the companyââ¬â¢s available cash balance. When compared to the seasoned current employees, the new employees generate more breakages and spoilages during their training months. In terms of pinpointing the relevant evidences that pertain to the problems, there are several evidences that show there ar e problems. Duane Brown (Brown, 2002, p. 37) reiterated a personââ¬â¢s work is one of the individualsââ¬â¢ status symbols within the society. In term of the first problem, the company does not have an exit interview. During the exit interview, the resigning employees explain the reasons for their resignation. The reasons will help management enhance its employee retention program. Second, Helen Morgan, one of the research and development employees, stated that the company does not care about the employeesââ¬â¢ future.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Human Resource Management Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In terms of the second problem, the high turnover rate is indicative of a problem. The employees normally prefer to stay with the company. Transferring to another company would entail an adjustment to the new work setting, raising issues of workplace identity change (Pickman, 1997, p. 13). Generally, staying with the company is preferable since the employees are already well adjusted to their current work conditions. However, the companyââ¬â¢s lending a deaf ear to the employeesââ¬â¢ benefit and promotion requests often drive the quality employees away from the company. In terms of identifying the underlying factors that triggered the problems, there are underlying causes of the two problems. Regarding the first problem, improvement of the companyââ¬â¢s employment image, the company does not prioritize the employeesââ¬â¢ welfare; the company does not have a good employee retention program. The company does not care about the employeesââ¬â¢ eager transfer to greener job pastures. The company centers its strategies to increasing revenues at the expense of withholding the employeesââ¬â¢ rightful promotion and other benefits. Regarding the second problem, some management officers are preventing the enhancement of the employee retention program; the board of directors is too focused on increasing the companyââ¬â¢s profits, setting aside the enhancement of the current employee welfare programs. Increasing the profits entails increasing the companyââ¬â¢s revenues. Increasing revenues entails marketing the companyââ¬â¢s products and services. Marketing the companyââ¬â¢s products and services includes allocating cash to marketing expenses. In terms of solutions, there are viable answers to the two problems. To resolve both problems, the organization, especially the board of directors, should provide more employee benefits. The employee benefits are included in the companyââ¬â¢s Career Planning System (Walsh, 1988, p.137). The enticing benefits should include more promotions.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the promotions in place, the employees will surely defer their resignation to a later time period. With the promotions, the employees will work harder and longer to achieve their promotion dream, reducing the employee turnover rate. The company should constantly increase the employeesââ¬â¢ salaries. The salary increases will discourage resignations. The salary increases will challenge the current and prospective employees to give their 120 percent to each job responsibility. One such salary increase policy is to give the employees an annual five percent salary increase. Further, the company, especially the board of directors, should institute other employment benefits that will reduce the current employee turnover rate. For example, the management, including the board of directors, must offer travel bonuses to the deserving employee. The company, especially the board of directors, can offer housing privileges to its loyal employees. To reduce the current employee turnover ra te, the company can shower its top caliber line and staff employees with tempting car plans as well as other similarly attractive benefits. Based on the above discussion, the present case study focuses on enhancing the current human resource management policies. There are two major problems in the case study that need to be resolved. There are several effective solutions to resolve the two major problems. Indeed, the solutions will positively lessen the companyââ¬â¢s employee turnover rate. References Brown, D. (2002). Career Choice and Development. San Francisco, California: Jossey Bass Press. Morrison, R. (1991). Contemporary Career Development Issues. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Press. Pickman, A. (1997). Special Challenges in Career Management. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Press. Walsh, B. (1988). Career Decision Making. Hilllsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Press. Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-74109151412286707702019-11-22T06:21:00.001-08:002019-11-22T06:21:05.645-08:00Board Game Board games have many benefits. To one person it just passes time and to another person it helps with strategy skills. According to Alvin Rosenfeld, He states, ââ¬Å"Nothing bolsters his (or hers) self-esteem more! So why not pull out an old board game tonight? Playing games is an easy and excellent way to spend unhurried, enjoyable time together. As an added bonus, board games are also rich in learning opportunitiesâ⬠(http://www2. scholastic. com/browse/article. jsp? id=2060). Although it is posted more towards kids I believe as adults we are still finding learning opportunities through board games. While a kid may be looking for a game learning about the alphabet, a teenager might be learning how to be some one at Risk cause is friend is really good. The following games will be discussed in this research paper: Mouse Trap, Risk, and Yahtzee. Major film junkies would know this famous French Director. His name is Albert Lamorisse. Before he was ever a famous French director he had an idea for a board game called, Conquer the World (or in French, ââ¬Å"La Conquete du Mondeâ⬠). He took it to a publishing company and he gave them idea that the game, ââ¬Å"proved simple enough for novices to play, yet complex and realistic enough to enthrall even sophisticated war-game playersâ⬠(http://www. indepthinfo. com/risk/history. shtml). The game became a huge success. Then a couple of year down the road Parker Brothers picked it up and it became a success here in America. This Game is called Risk. What influenced the game to be made were mostly likely the wars that were going on for example the Cold war, Korean War, and Vietnam War. That was just in America. The French were going though war themselves. Risk was one of goes games that challenge your mind and make you think do they actually help you out. I know that Risk and other games similar like it. They are games that are wonderful for a wide variety of reasons. The next game would be Mouse Trap. Mouse Trap is the famous game where your pawn is a mouse and you are building a mouse trap hoping that the opposite player gets caught first under the cage of it. In 1963 Mouse Trap game first published by Ideal for two or more players. It was designed by Hank Kramer of Ideal Toy Company, allowed the players almost no decision-making, in keeping with other games for very young children such as Candy land, or Chutes and Ladders. Hand eye coordination benefits Kids and Adult in this game in many ways, ââ¬Å"Apart from that, there are certain specific situations, like playing tennis, juggling balls, solving board puzzles, etc, which require greater degree of coordination. It is not too difficult for a person to improve his hand-eye coordination, providing he is willing to work towards the same. â⬠(http://lifestyle. iloveindia. om/lounge/hand-eye-coordination-1556. html) . Mouse Trap for me was one of my favorite games and well as my moms. I remember playing this game a lot as a kid. We would always lose the Marble that came with the game as well. Yahtzee was invented by a Canadian couple in 1954. It was said that, ââ¬Å"They invented the game, in order to entertain their friends on their yacht. Whenever anyone was invited aboard, they were taught how to play the Yacht game. Their friends enjoyed the game so much that everyone wanted copies of the game for themselves. So in 1956, the couple approached Edwin S. Lowe, a toy maker. They placed an order with him to make up a few samples of the game, so they can distribute it among their friends. Lowe liked the game so much that he offered to buy the rights for itâ⬠(http://www. yahtzeeonline. org/yahtzee-history. php). The couple agreed to sell the rights to Edwin. While the couple named the game ââ¬Å"Yachtâ⬠Edwin changed the name to Yahtzee. Yahtzee didnââ¬â¢t do good right off when it published itââ¬â¢s first commercial in 1956 but through throwing Yahtzee Parties the game became a huge success. It is my belief that game became a huge success due to people who loved to gamble. It was similar to gambling but the family could all join in. Any game with dice is always a game of chance if your going to win a lot in Las Vegas and lose a lot. I think that is the same way with Yahtzee. All of these three games changed the culture of gaming through three different ways. Risk Help build strategy and thinking that was influenced by the wars going on in that time frame. Mouse Trap was a fun way for kids to build coordination and confidence in kids and adults. Yahtzee was a way people could play with dice and chance if they were going get Yahtzee or just of bunch of sixes to write on their card. All of the games most likely will be family favorites for awhile. Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-84699534106491077882019-11-20T21:02:00.001-08:002019-11-20T21:02:08.609-08:00Euthanasia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsEuthanasia - Term Paper Example The American Medical Association holds that active euthanasia is impermissible due to its involving the intentional ending of human life by another human being and many contemporary philosophers have argued for and against this view discussing the moral permissibility of such an action and some of the most notable arguments come from James Rachels and Thomas Sullivan. Rachels states that a strong case can be made against the American Medical Associationââ¬â¢s doctrine and his main point is that passive euthanasia is not always preferable to active euthanasia. He states that in some cases, there is simply no moral difference between active and passive euthanasia because they are morally equivalent at that time and that active euthanasia may actually be better than passive euthanasia. He says that once the decision has been made not to prolong the patientââ¬â¢s agony, active euthanasia would be preferable because the latter would lead to an unnecessary period of suffering. His mo st vivid example is the case of severe Downââ¬â¢s syndrome babies born with intestinal obstructions about whom he states that sometimes in such cases, the babies are allowed to die. Even though if this matter were considered deeply, we would find compelling moral grounds for preferring active euthanasia to passive euthanasia in the vastly greater degree of suffering involved in letting the baby die (Rachel pp.78-80). The doctrine that passive euthanasia is preferable to active euthanasia is challenged by Rachels who declares that it leads to decisions concerning life and death based on irrelevant grounds as to whether a personââ¬â¢s life should continue or not. He argues that ordinarily, an intestinal obstruction can be fixed and is not a life or death matter but in the case of a baby with Downââ¬â¢s syndrome who has an intestinal obstruction, the baby is allowed to die because of the Downââ¬â¢s syndrome and not the intestinal obstruction. The presence of the intestinal obstruction in the baby becomes irrelevant due to its having downââ¬â¢s syndrome and it is this argument which justifies allowing the prolonged suffering of the baby before it dies instead of fixing the intestinal obstruction which would relieve it of the pain. This justifies Rachelsââ¬â¢ argument against the American Medical Associationââ¬â¢s doctrine that this doctrine rests on a distinction between killing and letting die that itself has no moral importance because they both lead to the same end and the means of getting there is inconsequential (Rachel pp.78-80). Sullivan, on the other hand, states that Rachelsââ¬â¢ interpretation of the American Medical Associationââ¬â¢s doctrine is flawed and argues that Rachelsââ¬â¢ interpretation that this doctrine draws a distinction between killing and letting die is misplaced and that in fact, it does not draw a distinction between intentionally killing and not intentionally killing. Despite his disagreement with Rachels on this matter, he agrees with Rachels that killing is not always worse than letting die. He states that it is true that if someone is trying to bring about the death of another, then it makes little difference from the moral point of view if his purpose is achieved by action or by malevolent emission. He further agrees with Rachels that passive euth Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-3218491238375556662019-11-19T00:25:00.001-08:002019-11-19T00:25:03.179-08:00Management of Info Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsManagement of Info Systems - Essay Example This helps companies make decisions faster. In the case of Jackson Kayak, he is able to communicate to the company headquarters so that informed decisions are made (Laudon, 2013). The Chief Operations officer is also able to compare manufacturing equipments side-by-side with the images of replacement parts so that the company gets the correct pieces that will in turn help in improving the operational efficiency. The problems that whitewater kayak manufacturer solved by the use of mobile digital devices is accessing information while outside the company. In this case, Jackson is able to gain instant access to his entire operation from afar. He is able to approve new designs, analyze customer data, and refresh the content of its Web site. This has saved the company time that would have been taken by Jackson to travel to the headquarters, submit the information gathered so that a decision is made. The company has also been able to maintain its competitive advantage by analyzing customer data. This analysis helps the company be able to determine in good time the changing taste and preferences of its customers. As a result, the company is able to satisfy the needs of its customers and make the loyal to the company. General Electric (GE) has been able to manage gas turbine inventory and manage electronic transformers throughout the world by using the companyââ¬â¢s Transformer Monitoring application. Monitoring applications also help the company to zoom in from a global map to a specific transformer, and be able to read all of the key performance indicators. Dow Corning executives have been able to use mobile devices to view and analyze real-time data from the companyââ¬â¢s core corporate systems that include sales figures, trends, and projections. This presents the companyââ¬â¢s managers with simple and intuitive dashboards of complex data. The company has also Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6318460953750253929.post-56981679712078874762019-11-16T12:57:00.001-08:002019-11-16T12:57:03.270-08:00Sample Written Report Essay Example for Free Sample Written Report Essay Introduction: The periodic table is a table in which all of the known elements are listed. The table arranges the elements in order of increasing proton number to show the similarities of chemical elements. Therefore elements with structural similarities atomic number are placed together. These elements can be placed into two different categories, metals non-metals. The early years of the 19th century witnessed a rapid development in chemistry. The art of distinguishing similarities and differences among atoms prompted scientists to devise a way of arranging the elements. Relationships were discerned more readily among the compounds than among the elements; thus, the classification of elements lagged many years behind the classification of compounds. Development of the Periodic Table It was in 1817 when Johann Wolfgang Dà ¶bereiner showed that the atomic weight of strontium lies midway between those of calcium and barium. Some years later he showed that other such ââ¬Å"triadsâ⬠exist (chlorine, bromine, and iodine and lithium, sodium, and potassium). Another way of classifying the elements was later proposed by John Alexander Reina Newlands in 1864. He proposed that elements be classified in the order of increasing atomic weights. As a result of an extensive correlation of the properties and the atomic weights of the elements in 1869, Dmitri Inovich Mendeleev proposed the periodic law, which states that ââ¬Å"the elements arranged according to the magnitude of atomic masses show a periodic change of properties.â⬠Mendeleevââ¬â¢s Version of Periodic Table The rows 1 to 7 are called periods. The columns I A on the left to 0 on the right are known as groups. Elements with similar properties fall into vertical columns (groups) and horizontal rows (periods), which form the table. The columns in the table are called Groups. The elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. Arrangement of the Elements According To Groups Group I A The Alkali Metals Group 1 elements are soft silvery metals. They react strongly with water. The further down the group you go, the more violent this reaction is. These alkali metals are usually stored under oil to protect them from moisture and oxygen. They all have one electron in their outer shells. Group II A ââ¬â The Alkaline Earth Metals This group consists of all metals that occur naturally in compound form. They are obtained from mineral ores and form alkaline solutions. These are less reactive than alkali metals. Group III A ââ¬â The Aluminum Group The elements in this group are fairly reactive. The group is composed of four metals and one metalloid which is boron. Group IV A ââ¬â The Carbon Group This group is composed of elements having varied properties because their metallic property increases from top to bottom meaning the top line, which is carbon, is a nonmetal while silicon and germanium are metalloids, and tin and lead are metals. Group V A ââ¬â The Nitrogen Group Like the elements in group IV A, this group also consists of metals, nonmetal and metalloids. Group VI A ââ¬â The Oxygen Group This group is called the oxygen group since oxygen is the top line element. It is composed of three nonmetals, namely, oxygen, sulfur and selenium, one metalloid, (tellurium) and one metal (polonium) Group VII A ââ¬â The Halogens This group is composed of entirely nonmetals. The term ââ¬Å"halogensâ⬠comes from the Greek word hals which means salt and genes which means forming. Halogens group are called ââ¬Å"salt formersâ⬠. Group VIII A ââ¬â The Noble Gases This group is composed of stable gases otherwise known as the non-reactive or inert elements. The Transition Elements The elements in the middle of the table are called transition elements. They are all metals and so they are also called transition metals. Summary A. Development of the Periodic Table 1. Johann Wolfgang Dà ¶bereiner classified elements in sets of three. 2. Dmitri Inovich Mendeleev devised the first periodic table, which he used to predict three new elements. He proposed theâ⬠periodic lawâ⬠which states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their properties show periodic pattern. B. The Periodic Table and the Elements 1. The periodic table is composed of 7 rows or periods and 18 major groups or columns. 2. The elements are given symbols devised by John Jacob Berzelius. An element is named after its discoverer, place of discovery, first letter of the name of the element, first and the second letter for those having the same first letter and some are after their Latin names. The elements are grouped into Group A and B Group by the INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (IUPAC). 3. Elements in the periodic table are also grouped according to metals, non-metals and metalloids. Metals are lustrous, malleable and ductile. They are good conductors of heat. Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table. Nonmetals have a diverse set of properties. They are found on the upper right side of the periodic table. Metalloids or semimetals possess the properties of both the metals and the non-metals. Conclusion The Periodic Table of Elements supports Chemistry, as it explains periodic law and the significance of the rows and columns of the periodic table, including how to relate the position of an element in the table to its atomic number and atomic mass. Students comprehension of the significance of the table will be reinforced as they learn how to use it to identify metals, semimetals, nonmetals and halogens, as well as the relative sizes of ions and atoms. The program also outlines the physical and chemical qualities of the members of each group of elements from the alkaline metals to the noble gases. Kiara Tinsleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11493350097708366283noreply@blogger.com0